Term
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Definition
run
climb stairs, tables, beds, out of cribs
feed self with spoon
draw lines/spirals |
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Term
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Definition
catch a ball (not too small or too fast)
use scissors to cut
hop on foot
Pre-schoolers- 3/4 are fine motor clumsy
feed with fork
dress self (no buttons or ties)
copy most letters
pour juice
brush teeth |
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Term
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Definition
kick and throw ball
jump with both feet off floor
pedal a trike
copy simple shapes
walk downstairs
climb ladders |
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Term
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Definition
skip and gallop in rhythm
clap, bang, sing in rhythm
copy difficult letters, shapes
climb trees
jump over things
use knife
tie a bow
throw a ball
wash face
comb hair |
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Term
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Definition
draw and write with one hand
write simple words
scan a page of print in reading motion
ride a bicycle
do cartwheel
tie shoes
catch ball |
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Term
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Definition
importance of reciprocal nurturing(baby/parent response)
In children brain development specifically in future emotional regulation and coping
-play critical role in attachment |
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Term
National Center for Education Statistics
NCES
84% |
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Definition
| verbally need to be able to communicate wants, needs, thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
| children need to be curious, follow directions, sensitive to others feelings |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| know letters, sounds of alphabet |
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Term
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Definition
| need to have emerging math skills, biosocial not academic readiness |
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Term
| Kids readiness is dependent on communication... |
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Definition
| school age kids adjust more readily when emotionally nurtured |
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Term
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Definition
| Crucial role in emotional regulation |
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Term
| Brain- Pre-frontal cortex |
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Definition
| important in impulse control.. |
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Term
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Definition
| because hippocampus is still developing we have poor source of memory |
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Term
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Definition
is not developed so they are less coordinated
L/R sides of brain can't communicate yet |
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Term
Brain-
Age 4
Prefrontal Cortex |
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Definition
Children realize that mental process may not reflect reality
symbolic-> mimic-> play-> imaginary
gives them understanding that people can be fooled |
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Term
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Definition
The process by which axons become coated with myelin, a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron
-coating around axon- myelin sheath
-age 4- increase in it |
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Term
| Brain- Neurons- Crux Research |
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Definition
prefrontal cortex- more pruning in kids with high stress
(birth to 3 or 4) most vulnerable to prefrontal mal-development |
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Term
| Abuse/maltreatment - greatest cause of death |
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Definition
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Term
| Abuse/maltreatment- judgement |
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Definition
| No judgment because prefrontal isn't developed |
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Term
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Definition
preventative actions
community actions |
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Term
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Definition
| prevent harm immediately, helmet, safety glasses |
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Term
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Definition
| minimizing impact of event that already occurred |
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Term
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Definition
| child maltreatment- injury, intentional harm to omeone under 18 by someone over 14 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
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Definition
| delayed reaction to trauma or shock. hyperactivity and hypervigilance, displaced anger, sleeplessness, sudden terror or anxiety, confusion between fantasy and reality |
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Term
| consequences of maltreatment physically |
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Definition
| abused and neglected children are more likely to be hospitalized, sick or injured for reasons not directly related to maltreatment |
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Term
| consequences of maltreatment mentally |
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Definition
| learn less and suffer more because they aren't involved in normal activity (no preschool, no days trips, etc.) |
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Term
| signs of maltreatment ages 2-10 |
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Definition
-bruises on face or body
-burns that appear deliberate
-broken bones not properly tended
-slow physical growth
-lack of appetite
-no close friendships
-quiet
-quick impulsive reactions, on edge
-frequent absences
-fear of caregiver |
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Term
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Definition
| physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, such as drawing, picking up a coin |
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Term
| Define Gross Motor Skills |
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Definition
| physical abilities involving large body movements, walking and jumping |
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Term
| option of care for abused children |
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Definition
| permanancy, foster care, kindship care, ultimate goal is to get kids that have parents where their rights have been relinquished |
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Term
| Eating habits in early childhood |
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Definition
| appetite is lower from age 2-6 |
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Term
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Definition
| peaks at about age 3, preferred to have things done in particular order, had strong preference about clothes, bedtime routines, preference for certain foods a certain way |
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Term
Piaget- Preoperational thinking
early childhood is what stage |
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Definition
| 2 of 4 stages of cognition |
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Term
| Piaget- preoperational- preoperational intelligence |
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Definition
| ages 2 to 6, includes language and imagination, in addition to senses and motor skills of infancy, logical operational thinking is not yet possible |
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Term
| Piaget- preoperational, centration |
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Definition
| a characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child focuses on one idea, excluding all others |
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Term
| Piaget preoperational thinking- egocentrism |
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Definition
| children think that the world is entirely from their own perspective |
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Term
| Piaget- PT- focus on appearance |
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Definition
| young child ignores all attributes that are not apparent, girl with short hair might think she's a boy |
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Term
| Piaget PT- static reasoning |
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Definition
| thinking that nothing changes, whatever is now has always been and always will be |
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Term
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Definition
| idea that amount of a substance remains the same when its appearance changes , children will think a taller glass has more water, when a shorter one has same amount |
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Term
| piaget's PT- limitations of research |
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Definition
| demonstrated words not actions, when child experimented with water in glass herself she realized both were the same |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of working something out in your head. Young children (in the sensorimotor and pre-operational stages) have to act, and try things out in the real world, to work things out (like count on fingers): older children and adults can do more in their heads. |
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Term
| Vygotsky's idea of guided participation or assistance |
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Definition
| process by which people learn from others who guide them in experience and operation |
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Term
| scaffolding and zone of proximal development |
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Definition
temporary support that is tailored to a learners needs and abilities and aimed at helping the learner master next tast in a given learning process
- zpd- skills that a person can exercise only with assistance. not yet independently. applies to ideas or cognitive skills a person is close to mastering as well as to more apparent skills (reading, baking, etc). |
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Term
| vygotsky- Language as a tool- private speech |
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Definition
| internal dialogue that occurs when people talk to themselves, silently or outloud |
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Term
| vygotsky social meditation |
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Definition
| function of speech by which a person's cognitive skills are refined and extended through both formal instruction and casual conversation, learning |
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Term
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Definition
| person's theory of what other people might be thinking. In order to have a theory children must realize that other people are not thinking the same thoughts, seldom possible before age 4 |
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Term
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Definition
| the speedy and sometimes imprecise way in which children learn new words by mentally charting them into categories according to their meaning |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| closely relation to fast-mapping, after learning a word, children use it to describe other objects in same category. (dalmatian cows) |
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Term
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Definition
| initiative vs. guilt- 3rd psychosocial crisis. Children begin new activities and feel guilty when they fail |
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Term
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Definition
| how person evaluates his or her own worth |
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Term
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Definition
| understanding of who he or she is. appearance, personality, traits |
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Term
| How does preschool judge his or her own skills from other ages |
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Definition
| consistently over exaggerate their abilities |
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Term
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Definition
| children are constructing theories to explain things- basic questions, reason, have mental processes around thought, emotions, beliefs, intentions, motives, acquire theory of mind |
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Term
| Age 4- children realize that mental process... |
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Definition
| may not reflect reality, prefrontal cortex growth |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty with emotional regulation, outwardly expressing it |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty with emotions, turns into emotional distress inward, feeling guilty, shamed, worthless |
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Term
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Definition
| feeling and acting in ways that are helpful and kind without obvious benefit to oneself |
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Term
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Definition
| nonphysical acts, such as insults or rejection, aimed at harming the social connections |
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Term
| Parenting styles- authoritarian |
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Definition
| strict discipline without loving guidance negative commands, boarding school, typically become angry aggressive children |
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Term
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Definition
| strict discipline with loving guidance, iron fist velvet glove, kids better in society, less in criminal detention, less mental health issues |
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Term
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Definition
| loving guidance without discipline, behave like authoritarian, problems with mental health |
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