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Details Title Test 2 Description Joints and shit Total Cards 64 Subject Anatomy Created 03/25/2012

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Term Fibrous Joint	Definition Joint with no synovial cavity, connects articulating bone by dense irregular connective tissue(Sutures,Syndesmoses,Interosseous Membranes)
Term Cartilaginous Joint	Definition Joint with no synovial cavity, connects articulating bone with either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage(Synchondroses,Symphyses)
Term Synovial Joint	Definition Joint with a synovial cavity,connects articulating bone by articular cartilage(Joint with synovial cavity)
Term Synarthrosis	Definition Immovable Joint
Term Amphiarthroses	Definition Slightly movable joint
Term Diarthrosis	Definition Freely movable joint
Term Suture	Definition Fibrous,Synarthrosis, composed of a thin layer of dense irregular CT only found in skull
Term Syndesmosis	Definition Fibrous,amphiarthrosis, greater distance between articulating bones and connected by dense irregular CT
Term Interousseous Membrane	Definition Fibrous,amphiarthrosis, sheet of dense irregular CT that bins neighboring long bones.
Term Synchondroses	Definition Cartilaginous,synarthrosis, connects bone through hyaline cartilage. EX:epiphyseal plate, joint connecting first rib and manubrium of sternum.
Term Symphyses	Definition Cartilaginous,amphiarthrosis,ends of articulating bone are covered with hyaline cartilage but are connected by fibrocartilage.
Term Synchondrosis	Definition A cartilaginous joint that is immovable(synthrosis), connects articulating bone by hyaline cartilage, examples: epiphyseal plate,joing connecting first rib and manubrium of sternum.
Term Synovial Joint(Characteristics)	Definition Contain a space called a synovial cavity between articulating bones,these bones are covered by a layer of articular cartilage,
Term What type of connective tissue are ligaments comprised of?	Definition Dense irregular CT
Term What structures are able to reduce friction at a joint?	Definition Cartilage,Menisci, and synovial fluid
Term Flexion	Definition Decrease in the angle between bones
Term Extension	Definition Increase in the angle between bones
Term Gliding	Definition Movement of a flat bone either side to side or back and forth
Term Circumduction	Definition Movement of the distal end of a body part in a circular motion
Term Hyperextension	Definition Extension beyond the anatomical position
Term Lateral Flexion	Definition Movement of trunk sideways at the waist
Term Adduction	Definition Movement of a body part toward the midline
Term Abduction	Definition Movement of a body part away from the midline
Term Inversion	Definition Movement of the sole medially at the ankle
Term Eversion	Definition Movement of the sole laterally at the ankle
Term Plantar flexion	Definition Bending the foot at the ankle joint downward
Term Dorsiflexion	Definition Bending of the foot upward at the ankle
Term Supination	Definition Movement of the forearm anteriorly at the wrist
Term Pronation	Definition Movement of the forearm posteriorly at the wrist
Term Retraction	Definition Movement that returns a body part to the anatomical position
Term Oppostion	Definition Movement of the thumb at the caropmetacarpal joint towards the tips of the fingers
Term R.O.M.	Definition Range of Motion, the range in degrees which a joint can move in a circular motion
Term What factors influence range of motion?	Definition Shape or structure of articulating bone,strength and tension of the joint ligaments, hormones, arrangement and tension of muscles,contact of soft parts
Term Major differences between cardiac,smooth and skeletal muscle?	Definition Skeletal-striated,voluntary movement,found in bone Cardiac-striated,involuntary movement, only found in heart Smooth-nonstriated, involuntary movement, located in walls of hollow internal structures(blood vessels)
Term What are the major functions of muscle tissue?	Definition Producing body movement, stabilizing body position, storing and moving substances in body, and generating heat.
Term What are the properties of muscle tissue?	Definition Electrical excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity.
Term Electrical excitability	Definition The ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals called action potentials(impulses)
Term Contractility	Definition The ability of muscular tissue to contract forcefully when stimulated by action potential.
Term Extensibility	Definition The ability of muscular tissue to stretch,within limits, without being damages.
Term Elasticity	Definition The ability of muscular tissue to return to its original length and shape after contraction or extension
Term Isometric contraction	Definition The tnesion developed in the muscle remains almost constant while the muscle changes length
Term Isotonic contraction	Definition The tension generated is not enough to exceed the resistance of the object to be moved, and the muscle does not change in length
Term Concentric isotonic contraction	Definition If the tension generated is great enough to overcome the resistance of the object to be moved, the muscle shortens and pulls on another structure to produce movement and reduce the angle of the joint
Term Eccentric isotonic contraction	Definition When the length of a muscle increases during a contraction
Term Endomysium	Definition Penetrates the interior of each fascicle and separates individual muscle fiber from one another.
Term Epimysium	Definition The outermost layer of dense irregular CT encircling the entire muscle
Term Perimysium	Definition A layer of dense irregular CT that surrounds groups of 10 to 100 or more muscle fibers, seperating them into bundles called fascicles
Term Tendon	Definition A white fibrous cord of dense regular CT that attaches muscle to bone.
Term Ligament	Definition Dense regular CT that attaches bone to bone
Term Fascia	Definition A dense sheet of irregular CT that lines the body wall and limbs and supports and surrounds other organs of the body.
Term What can be found in the NMJ?	Definition Synapses,the synaptic cleft, axon terminal, synaptic end bulbs,synaptic vesicles,motor end plate
Term Myofibril	Definition A threadlike structure extending through muscle fiber, consisting mainly of think filaments and thin filaments
Term What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum do?	Definition Stores calcium ions, and releases them to trigger muscle contractions.
Term Contractile protein	Definition Protein that builds myofibrils, generate force during contraction
Term Regulatory protein	Definition Help switch the contraction process on and off
Term Structural proteins	Definition Keep the thick and thin filaments in proper alignment
Term What is the sliding filament mechanism?	Definition The model describing the process of how skeletal muscle shortens during contraction because the thick and thin filaments slide past one another.
Term Where is the Z line?	Definition In between sarcomeres in myofibrils
Term Where is the M line?	Definition The center of the H zone, in the middle of the sarcomere in myofibrils
Term What is a motor unit?	Definition A motor neuron together with the muscle fibers it stimulates
Term Refractory period	Definition The period of lost excitability in muscle fiber
Term Twitch	Definition A brief contraction of all the muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential in its motor neuron
Term Tetanus	Definition A sustained contraction in which individual twitches cannot be detected
Term How do we get more force?	Definition

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