Term
Beta Lactam Drugs
Resistance? |
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Definition
| Bactericidal against a variety of bacteria, inhibits penicillin binding proteins. Beta-lactamases causes resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| A family of antibacterial medications; different groups vary in their spectrum of activity and their susceptibility to beta- lactamases |
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Term
Natural penicillins
Examples? |
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Definition
| Active agains Gram + and some - bacteria. Penicillin G is destroyed by stomach acid, and so it usually must be administered by injection. Penicillin V can be taken orally |
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Term
Penicillinase-resistant
Examples? |
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Definition
| Similar to natural pencillins, but resistant to inactivation by the penicillinase of staphlococci. Methicillin, dicloxicillin |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar to the natural penicillins, but more active against Gram-negative organisms. ampicillin, amoxicillin |
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Term
Extended spectrum
Examples? |
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Definition
| Increased activity against Gram-negative rods, including Pseudomonas species. ticarcillin, piperacillin |
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Term
Cephalosporins
Resistance? |
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Definition
| A family of antibacterial medications from fungus. The later generations are generally more effective against Gram - bactera and less susceptible to destruction by Beta lactamases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Resistant to Beta- lactamases, can be given to patients who are allergic to penicillin. primarily active against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bactericidal against Gram +. Binds to the peptide side chain of N-acetylmuramic acid. Used to treat serious systemic infections and antibiotic-associated colitis. In enterococci, reistance is due to a plasmid-encoded altered target. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bactericidal against Gram + bacteria. Interferes with the transport of peptidoglycan precursors. Common ingredient in non-prescription antibiotic ointments |
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Term
Aminoglycosides
Resistance?
Examples? |
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Definition
| Bactericidal against aerobic and facultative bacteria. Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit blocking initiation of translation. Toxicity limits use. Resistance is due to a plasmid-encoded inactivating enzyme, Neomycin is commonly used in non-prescription topical antibiotic ointments |
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Term
Tetracyclines
Resistance? |
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Definition
| Bateriostatic against some Gram + and Gram -. Binds to 30S blocking the attachment of tRNA. Resistance is generally due to decreased accumulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteriostatic against many Gram + and most atypical pneumonia. Binds to 50S preventing the continuation of protein synthesis. Used for patients with allergy to Beta- Lactam drugs. Resistance is due to inactivating enzyme |
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Term
Chloramphenicol
Resistance? |
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Definition
| Bacteriostatic and broad-spectrum, Binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing peptide bonds from being formed. Used as last resort. Resistance is often due to a plasmid encoded inactivating enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteriostatic against a variety of Gram + and -, Binds to the 50S preventing the continuation of protein synthesis. Associated with an even greater risk of developing antibiotic associated colitis |
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Term
Fluoroquinolones
Resistance? |
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Definition
Bactericidal against a wide variety of Gram+ and -. inhibits topoisomerases. Resistance is most often due to structural alterations in the topoisomerase target
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Term
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Definition
| Bactericidal against Gram + and -. Binds RNA polymerase, blocking the initiation of RNA synthesis. Used to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis and as prophylaxis for patients who have been exposed to Neisseria meningitidis |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteriostatic against a variety of Gram + and -, Similiar to PABA and inhibits the enzyme for which PABAis a substrate. Resistance is most commonly due to a plasmid encoded alternative enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| Combo with a sulfa drug for synergistic effect; inhibits the enzyme that catalyzes a step following the one inhibited by the sulfa drugs. Resistance is commonly due to a plasmid encoded alternative enzyme; the genes that encode resistance to sulfa drugs are often carried on the same plasmid |
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Term
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Definition
| Bactericidal against Gram - by damaging cell membranes. topical applications. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bactericidal against Gram + by damaging the cytoplasmic membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits the synthesis of a component of the mycobacterial cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid |
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