Term
| Non-communicating hydrocephalus |
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Definition
associated with obstruction within the ventricular system,
e.g. Atresia of foramina Luschka and Magendie |
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Term
| Communicating hydrocephalus |
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Definition
obstruction is outside the ventricular system,
e.g. meningitis, arachnoid villi |
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Term
| Hydrocephalus (general, in children) |
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Definition
Accumulation of CSF
In Child: sutures may enlarge from expanded cephalus
Ventrical is dilated |
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Term
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Definition
| absence of a large part of the brain and the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| hernial protrusion of the meninges through a defect in the vertebral column (Spinabifida) |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a hernial sac that of the meninges and the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
Physiologic response to cerebral hypoxia, aimed to increase blood flow to the brain
•Heart rate slows, to increase ventricular filling
•Systolic pressure (cardiac output) goes up |
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Term
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Definition
| duraBlow to the side of the head->rupture of middle meningeal arterywithin the dural skull table ->epidural hematoma |
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Term
| Uncal (Transtentorial) Herniation |
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Definition
As a hematoma grows, the brain will shift to make room for the blood volume.
Epidural hematomas are not usually preceded by concussion |
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Term
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Definition
| Hematoma gets larger -> compression of the venous sinuses in brain -> vascular stagnation and hypoxia |
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Term
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Definition
Rupture of arterial aneurysms is responsible for two thirds of cases
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Ascending dissecting aneurysms in Marfan's Syndrome
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May occur with cerebral contusion or laceration, but other hemorrhages are usually also found |
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Term
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Definition
| Injury of the part of the head that was struck (usually frontal area) as when a moving object impacts a stationary head |
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Term
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Definition
Injury of the opposite part of the head (usually occipital), that can be bruised as a result of the jiggling of the brain in response to injury when moving head strikes a stationary head
•Contusions are permanent
•A glial scar is formed and the tissue is lost forever |
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Term
| Arteriovenous Malformation |
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Definition
•Common congenital malformation
•absences of capillary beds
•Veins contain oxygenated blood, and cerebral tissue will be hypoxic
•High pressure veins can rupture, leading to cerebral hemorrhage
•High output cardiac failure, due to increased CO to compensate for the hypoxia |
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Term
| Arnold-Chiari Malformation |
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Definition
as the brain grows (during spina bifida), it pushes down the spinal cord causing the cord to bulge out (menigiomylocelle.)
Chiara refers to the part of the brain stem that is forced into the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
most common opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS
•Ring-enhanced lesion is frequently seen on CT with AIDS patients
•Center of lesion is often necrotic and devoid of the parasite
•Parasites are around the perimeter of the lesion, which is where biopsy should be obtained |
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Term
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Definition
| reproducingversions of toxoplasma parasites , which remain inside cysts |
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Term
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Definition
| are rapidly proliferating versions of the parasites that rupture from the cyst if not checked by immunity |
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Term
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Definition
•Replicates in striated muscle at site of bite and then travels up nerve endings to spinal cord and brain
•Binds to acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction
•Localizes to the hypothalamus and CN nuclei of brain stem (particularly CN IX and X) |
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Term
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Definition
| characteristic cytoplasmic inclusions (rabies) |
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Term
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Definition
| •Causes encephalitis (brain inflamation)in immunocompromised hosts |
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Term
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Definition
| characteristic gigantic inclusions, which are both cytoplasmic and nuclear (Cytomegalovirus) |
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Term
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Definition
Coronal section of brain - Part of temporal lobe
Middle cerebral artery
Lenticulostriate artery |
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Term
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Definition
| •Causes encephalitis (brain inflamation)in immunocompromised hosts |
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Term
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Definition
| characteristic gigantic inclusions, which are both cytoplasmic and nuclear (Cytomegalovirus) |
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Term
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Definition
•Visible grossly in the white matter of the cortex
•Plaque Locations: It is often found along the optic nerve and chiasm |
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Term
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Definition
Parkinson disease
(A) The normal substantia nigra of the midbrain (left) is heavily pigmented, whereas the same region from a patient with long standing parkinsonism (right) has lost the pigment. (B) A microscopic section of the substantia nigra from a patient with parkinsonism shows a spherical eosinophilic inclusion within the cytoplasm of a pigmented dopaminergic neuron, termed a Lewy body. |
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Term
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Definition
| spherical eosinophilic inclusion within the cytoplasm of a pigmented dopaminergic neuron (Parkinson disease) |
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Term
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
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Definition
•Loss of motor neurons accompanied by gliosis
No sensitivity deficit
Die from respiratory collapse |
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Term
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Definition
(A) The cytoplasm of a neuron is distended by neurofibrillary tangles. (B) A silver stain of panel A demonstrates the fibrillary character of the cytoplasmic inclusions
(Alzheimer Disease) |
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Term
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Definition
| Alzheimer disease. A section of the hippocampus shows granulovacuolar degeneration of a pyramidal neuron as evidenced by clear cytoplasmic vacuoles containing granules |
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Term
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Definition
(A) A section of the cerebral cortex impregnated with silver reveals neuritic plaques. (B) A higher-power view of panel A shows the uniform size and spherical shape of the neuritic plaque, which contains a dense core of amyloid.
(Alzheimer Disease) |
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Term
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Definition
| Eosinophilic rods found within the neurons of the hippocampus (Alzheimer Disease) |
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Term
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Definition
tumor that effects nerve tissue
younger -> better prognosis |
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