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Psychology is the scientific study of
. . . (outward) behavior
. . . and (internal) mental processes
. . . in humans and other animals |
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| what are the goals of psychology? |
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| to understand, predict and control behavior and mental processes |
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| rooted in philosophy and biology |
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Ancient philosophers concerned with how the mind perceives reality. Proposed that
knowledge is innate; the mind and its knowledge are separate from the body and
continues after the body dies. |
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| Proposed the mind and body are not separate. Knowledge is not preexisting, it grows from our experiences and is stored in our memories |
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| before scientific method knowledge was gathered through? |
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| what are the 5 para-dimes of psychology? |
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structuralism
functionalism
behaviorism
psychoanalysis
humanism |
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William James:
interest in what the mind was capable of doing
practical aspects |
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developed the first lab for psychology
helped separate psychology from philosophy and physiology |
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| psychology was the study of mental life.. that could not be measured scientifically. must measure something empiricl |
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| said only behavior is empirical___ founded behaviorism |
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| started psychoanalysis: most of our thoughts feelings and behaviors are determined by unconscious forces |
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uniqueness of humans
have freedom to choose and grow psychological health |
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| Definition on how a psychologist has decided to measure something |
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| part of the brain linked to emotion |
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75 % of the cerebral cortex nvolved in integrating sensory and motor
messages as well as processing higher functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking. |
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Definition
| Region of the left frontal lobe that is the primary brain center for controlling speech |
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| Attached to the rear of the brainstem; coordinates voluntary movement and balance |
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Thin outer layer that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the ultimate control and information-processing center. 4
lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal. |
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Largest, foremost lobe in the cerebral cortex of the brain lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and
muscle movements and in making plans and judgments. |
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| A structure in the limbic system linked to memory. |
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Regulates thirst, hunger, body temperature; secretes hormones to govern endocrine system; linked to emotion
and reward. |
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Definition
Emotional region of the brain consisting of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, amygdala, and hippocampus.
Controls emotions such as fear and anger and basic motives such as for food and sex. |
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| part of the brain-stem that controls basic life functions like heartbeat and breathing |
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Region of the cerebral cortex at the rear of the frontal lobes that transmits messages to muscles; controls
virtually all voluntary muscle movements. |
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| Portion of the cerebral cortex at the back of the head that consists primarily of the visual cortex. |
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Region of the cerebral cortex located just behind the central fissure and above the lateral fissure. Contains the
sensory cortex as well as association areas that process sensory information received by the somatosensory
cortex |
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Definition
Part of the brainstem that governs arousal; filters incoming stimuli and relays information to other aeas of the
brain. |
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Controls writing and movement of the right side of the body. Dominant in language, mathematics, and symbolic
reasoning |
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| Controls touch and movement of the left side of the body. Superior at nonverbal, visual, and spatial analysis |
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| Controls touch and movement of the left side of the body. Superior at nonverbal, visual, and spatial analysis |
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| Processes body sensations, with the more sensitive body regions having the greatest representation |
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Nerve cell that carries messages to the CNS from receptors in the skin, ears, nose, eyes, and other receptor
organs. Also known as afferent neuron. |
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Definition
Region of the cerebral cortex located below the lateral fissure that contains the auditory cortex and whose
primary function is hearing. |
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| Relays messages between lower brain centers and cerebral cortex; functions like a switchboard. |
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Portion of the occipital lobe that integrates sensory information received from the eyes into electrical patterns that
the brain translates into vision. |
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| Area of the left temporal lobe that is the brain's primary area for understanding speech. |
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