Term
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Definition
One RNA
Multiple Genes
Multiple Proteins |
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Term
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Definition
One RNA
One Gene
Multiple proteins may arrise from alternative splicing |
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Term
| Prokaryotic Transcription Consist of |
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Definition
| RNA polymerase and primase |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mRNA, most snRNA, miRNA, some snoRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| tRNA, 5sRNA, U6 snRNA, some snoRNA |
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Term
| Prokaryotic Promoter Region |
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Definition
| Polymerase identifies initial holoenzyme association, begins transcription downstream of Pribnow (TATA) box. |
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Term
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Definition
| Can be targeted by transcription factors associated with upstream or downstream proteins. When bound represses the creation of identified mRNA strand |
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Term
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Definition
| Can be targeted by transcription factors associated with upstream or downstream proteins. When acted upon, acts to increase the creation of target protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Runs in a 5 to 3 direction, when converting to mRNA only remove T's and add U's to receive mRNA sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| Runs in a 3 to 5 direction, when converting to mRNA give compliment strand using U's instead of T's |
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Term
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Definition
Initiation - Enhancers/Promoters recruit the binding of polymerase to the proter region.
Elongation- selects complementary ribonucleotides for DNA template then forms phosphodiester bonds to create the pre-mRNA strand
Termination- Dissociation of RNA polymerase from DNA template and new pre-mRNA |
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Term
| Importance of mRNA 5' capp |
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Definition
- Protect from 5'-3' degradation
- enhance translation
- Nuclear transport
- Splicing of 1st Intron |
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Term
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Definition
- 5' splice site (donor) GU
- Branch Point (A)
- Poly pyrimidine Stretch
- 3' splice site AC |
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Term
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Definition
- 5' splicing of G unit of intron
- G will attract to the A branch point froming the intron lariat
- 3' splice site G is broken and exons come together |
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Term
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Definition
- Composed of pre mRNA and snRNPs
- site of splicing |
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Term
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Definition
- Recognition of hexanucleotide sequence
- with a Downstream cleavage site most often a CA
- Downstream a G/U rich region
- spacing between hexanucleotide and G/U region is important
- Polyadenylation occurs at the cleavage site |
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Term
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Definition
- binds Poly A binding protein (PABP)
- increases mRNA stability
- nucleocytoplasmic transport
- translation efficiency |
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Term
| Alternative RNA Processing |
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Definition
- results in differing proteins from the same mRNA.
- increase in genetic diversity |
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Term
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Definition
Heterogeneous Ribonucleoprotein Protein
- complexes of protein and RNA in the nucleus, the binding states the mRNA is not ready for cytoplasm export
- the hnRNPs attach to the introns after export to signal the nucleus for degradation |
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Term
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Definition
- alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, genome stabilization, nonsense-mediated decay, and translation
- will remain attached through nuclear pore for transport
- will attach immediatly during transcription to amound pre mRNA binding back to DNA compliment |
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Term
| Alternative Polyadenylation |
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Definition
- proteins on the pre-mRNA determine the cleavage site of similar mRNA strand resulting in larger or smaller proteins with differing adenylation sites
- each pre-mRNA may contain multiple CA cleavage sites |
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Term
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Definition
- Point mutation
- Cytosine to Uridine
- Adenosine to Inosine |
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Term
| Adding introns to Intronless genes |
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Definition
- must be placed at the 5' end
- must be placed in the UTR |
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Term
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Definition
- Deadenylation- dependent to remove poly a tail
- Deadenylation-independent to remove cap
- endonuclease mediated degradation in middle |
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Term
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Definition
- RNA silencing
- recognizes double stranded viral RNA, part of the life cycle
- Dicer then splits into small sections (siRNA) which associates with argonaut
- The complex goes back and destroys the viral RNA
- mRNA degradation by translation block |
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Term
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Definition
- RNA enzymes (NOT PROTEIN)
- cleaves mRNA |
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Term
| Frontotemporal Dementia and Parkinson's |
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Definition
- Mutations in exon 10 of tau gene increases the inclusion of introns thus morphing the gene
- wild type still present however the concentrations vary from the physiological norm |
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Term
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Definition
- possible 1: non phosphorylation of hnRNP inhibits the preformance of its job to recruit alt splicing sites
- possible 2: mutations absorb all the RNA promoter proteins thus inhibiting them from doing their job and changing overall splice site from the norm |
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Term
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Definition
- Mutation in SMN gene that is involved in creation of snRNPs which are involved in splicing
- humans contain two copies of gene on chromosome. 1 splicing propperly and the other undergoes alternative splicing having the mutation
- those infected do not have the proper splicing of the gene |
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Term
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Definition
| - considered to have a nucleotide repeat that traps rna proteins that then changes the protein to alternative splicing |
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Term
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Definition
| - Mutation point mutation on A/C gene that activates a 5' splice site that excludes downstream exon. Wild type is present but the mutation is also (Gain of Functinon Dz) |
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Term
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Definition
| - Is not made from lack of wild type protein, but due to the presence of the mutated form |
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Term
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Definition
| - Is made from the lack of wild type protein present (think insulin for diabetes) |
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Term
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Definition
- Usually has a CG poly a site on protein, with dz changes to a CA site that gives a strong poly a site increasing the concentration of protein
- to much protein causes overwhelming clotting |
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