Term
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Definition
Any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice.
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Term
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Definition
Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the natural stimulus that normally produces it.
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Term
Classical Conditioning Components
Unconditioned Stimulus
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Definition
Naturally occuring stimulus
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Term
Classical Conditioning Components
Unconditioned Response
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Definition
reflexive response to unconditioned stimulus
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Term
Classical Conditioning Components
Conditioned stimulus
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Definition
When a neutral stimulus, through repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, begins to cause the same kind of reflexive response.
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Term
Classical Conditioning Components
Conditioned response
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Definition
nearly identical (though sometimes a little
weaker) than the unconditioned response
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Term
Principles of Classical Conditioning
(5)
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Definition
1. Condition Stimulus (CS) must precede Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) (you have to ring the bell BEFORE the food not after because nothing will occur)
2. CS and UCS must come close together in time. (so that the organism knows the two are related)
3. The neutral stimulus must be paired with the UCS repeatedly for conditioning to take place (you must do it several times to get it to work)
4. The CS must be distinctive from other stimuli in order for conditioning to occur. (calling the dogs name, using conversation as a stimuli)
5. Stimulus Generalization: tendency to respond to a stimulus similar to original conditioned stimulus |
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Term
Principles of Classical Conditioning
(5)
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Definition
6. Stimulus Discrimination: Learning to differentiate between conditioned stimuli and similar stimuli (different tones of different bells mean different things if learned)
7. Extinction: When the CS is presented without the UCS, eventually CR dies out
8. Spontaneous Recovery: After extinction occurs, if you wait long enough and reintroduce the CS, the CR reappears (often briefly and weakly)
9. High-order conditioning: Creating a second conditioned stimulus (if you clap your hands, ring a bell and then give the dog food he will salivate if you clap your hands, ring the bell, or give the food; but he will salivate less and less the further away you get from the food. He will salivate less when you clap your hands than he will if you ring the bell)
10. Conditioned emotional response. Emotional responses can be conditioned the same way as physical responses (Little Albert experiment, he used to love the white rat but they showed him the white rat and then played loud
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Term
Thorndike’s Law of Effect
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Definition
If an event is followed by a pleasant consequence it will tend to be repeated.; If followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend to not be repeated.
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Term
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Definition
The kind of conditioning
that happens with voluntary behavior
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Term
Operant Conditioning Concepts:
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Definition
Small steps toward some ultimate goal are reinforced until the goal itself is reached.
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Term
Operant Conditioning Concepts:
Extinction
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Definition
The cessation of the conditioned behavior by the removal of the reinforcement
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Term
Operant Conditioning Concepts:
Generalization
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Definition
When stimuli similar to the conditioned stimuli, trigger similar responses.
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Term
Operant Conditioning Concepts:
Spontaneous Recovery
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Definition
the reoccurence of a conditioned behavior after extinction.
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Term
Reinforcement Schedules:
Variable ratio schedule of reinforcement
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Definition
The number of responses prior to reinforcement changes every time.
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Term
Reinforcement Schedules:
Variable interval schedule of reinforcement
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Definition
The interval of time between when the organism responds and is reinforced varies.
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Term
Reinforcement Schedules:
Partial Reinforcement Effect
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Definition
Behaviors that are rewarded only some of the time are more resistant to extinction.
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Term
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Definition
Any event or stimulus that, that when following a response, causes that response to be less likely to happen again.
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Term
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Definition
1. Punishment by application
2.Punishment by removal
3.Difference between punishment and negative reinforcement
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