Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| babies are born with blank slates and experience writes onto that |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an adaptive behaviour since stone age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the genetics of altruism-doesnt make sense in evolutionary standpoint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "i knew it all along syndrome" belief that one would have foreseen what they already learned |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| people that grew up in same environments |
|
Definition
do not resemble eachother much-points to genetics for personality
*but parenting matters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| + hindsight bias leads us to overestimate our intuition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Explains, organizes and predicts a behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allow others to replicate original procedure exactly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how closely two things are related-does not prove, it predicts |
|
|
Term
| experiments allow for what? |
|
Definition
-control over variables
-control over environment
-lessening the bias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when both researchers and participants dont know which group receives the manipulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
emotional excitability
-has a heretic predisposition
-has more to do with parenting than attachment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
what extent differences among individuals are a result of genes
-boys in a barrel study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| identifies specific genes influencing behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| random errors in gene replication |
|
|
Term
| genetic differences among individuals in a pop are much __________ than differences between those two populations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
men
-more likely to initiate sex
-more superficial
-like casual sex more
men paired widely-younger=more fertile |
|
Definition
Females
-affection=necessary
-attracted to father figures
women paired wisely |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
more focused on themselves, less on group harmony
-come at the cost of more loneliness+stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
connections define who you are
family+duty come before all else |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sex is determined by chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sex hormones bathe fetal brain |
|
|
Term
| nomadic societies have... |
|
Definition
| small gender role differences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medial gender role differences |
|
|
Term
| western societies have... |
|
Definition
| large gender role differences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the acquisition of s traditional masculine or feminine trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| through reward and punishment is how ppl learn about their gender identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developing human organism 9 weeks after conception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| harmful agents that can slip by the protective placenta |
|
|
Term
| ages 2-6 rapid growth in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| childhood amnesia until what age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adjusts mindset to new info |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SENSORYMOTOR STAGE
birth-2 years old
babies have object permanence and some concept of physics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PREOPERATIONAL STAGE
2-6/7 years
-egocentrism-lack of empathy
-no concept of conservation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE
-7 TO 11 years old
-able to think logically about concrete events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE
-12+
-able to think logically about abstract concepts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ppl's ideas about their own and others mental states/intentions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
more continuous than piaget thought with less emphasis on cognition
-familiarity is more important than nourishment
-contact is KEY
-more securely attached ppl have a greater drive to achieve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-messes with sluggish serotonin-less of it=later problems in life
-worse day care treatment predicts more problems for the developing child |
|
|
Term
| primary sex characteristics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| secondary sex characteristics |
|
Definition
| boobs, facial hair etc... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all the possible combos of traits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which traits actually appear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crossing every level of one variable with every variation |
|
|
Term
| humans dont have critical periods, we have... |
|
Definition
| sensitive periods as our brains are subject to plasticity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| piaget-what child makes of their experiences to grow-they nurture themselves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
frued:babies are born with instinctual needs and parents react to these
skinner: operational conditioning-reinforcers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| German measles-subsantial birth defects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fetal skeletal system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-morning sickness drugs
-limb birth defects
-babies develop language slower because less people talk to them
Physical stym-social interaction- cognitive defect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| isolate the variable so there is only one difference between them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used rats-stressed out the mothers then paired 1/2 with stressed, 1/2 with non stressed, same pairing of non stressed pups
found biological mother made all the difference-raised by stressed mother for normal pups-ended up normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stimulus of image on the retina
-compares width and height |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occlusion
angles
size constancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
retinal disparity-diff ret images b/c eyes in two diff places on head
-motion paradox |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| babies=born with the ability to recognize depth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-shallow side deep side, mother beckons baby-baby avoids deep side off platform
-but worked with 6 mo olds-could have learned
(cant use animals that walk at birth cuz it would make sense they are able to perceive depth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
trained baby w operant technique to suck whenever it saw a 2x2 cube, not at any other side
-played with distance and size of cube to manipulate similar retinal image but at different distance
-concluded babies are born with depth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
harlow's monkeys-contact comfort of nourishment comfort
-explains why child abuse victims keep returning to mom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
self-fulfilling prophecy or expectancy effect
-experiment and told teachers some children were blooming or spurting
-blooming children ended up getting higher test scores cuz of how differently expecting teachers treated them
only in younger children
tests+teachers are racist? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
wrote the first psychological text book called "The Principals of Psychology"
-thought babies in womb have no sensory imput |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
studied babies using infrared cornial reflection technique
-found babies looked at contours the most-quickest way to gather info abt an object
-babies are active information seekers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
took young babies-after turning lights on and off babies eye movement consisted of rapid scanning
-active info seeker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
studied babies 5-9 weeks(cross sectional)
-observed babies eye contact with either a moving, a still or a talking face
-found babies look more at edges at 5 weeks
-then switch to focus on the eyes because eyes have high communicative value |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
psychosexual theory-very anamalistic
-babies cathet to a mother's breast(proved wrong after non breast fed babies WWII) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
subconscious-our instinctual desires
-has an energy in a fixed amount known as libido |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the adaptive component of the psyche, the "mediator" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
our conscience
-constantly at inner conflict with id |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one is more productive closer to pay day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
behavior=only reinforced for a part of the time
-random interval schedule=stronger attachment-more resistant to extinction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reinforced every time
-less resistant to extinction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
smallest distinctive sound unit
ex consonants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
smallest unit that carries meaning
ex "pre" "re" "ed" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| we derive meaning from morphemes using these rules |
|
|
Term
| Language developmental stages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skinner thinks we learn language through |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nature sided viewpoint
-we come with a language acquisition device |
|
|
Term
| critical period for language |
|
Definition
7 years old
-late learners show less brain activity in the right hemisphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
frontal lobe-connected with forming language
-where learning a language occurs
-those that learn in later in life area adjacent to this is active |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Left temporal lobe-connected with understanding language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unable to read thus unable to read aloud |
|
|
Term
| linguistics determinism hypothesis |
|
Definition
language determines the way we think
-and it does |
|
|
Term
| Kohler and Sultan the Ape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| taught apes sign language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emphasized the growth potential of healthy ppl and the individuals potential for personal growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how much scores deviate from one another |
|
|
Term
| normal curve of distribution |
|
Definition
| the symmetrical bell shaped curve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when sample averages are reliable and the difference between them is relatively large |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| twin studies reveal differences in temp + personalities-actually helps to form our personality and is influenced environmentally by serotonin in early life depending on given or not given much attention |
|
|
Term
| genes not only code for particular proteins but respond to environmental stimulus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
darwin is still a big influence
-all behavior=acquired over the years from our history of environmental conditions |
|
|
Term
| adulthood development progresses |
|
Definition
-menopause
-less athletic ability
-less immune resiliancy
-many of the brains neurons die
-life satisfaction peaks in 50's
-worse memory
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| our schemas interpret new information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| our schemas incorporate information into our lives from our environments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the awareness that objects continue to exist once out of sight
(babies do not have this) |
|
|
Term
| deprivation of attachment |
|
Definition
abused=more likely to become abused
-early trauma affects serotonin response-makes it more sluggish(serotonin calms aggression)
-so many kids become bullies
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| matters and is correlated with family poverty but matter less than home life and temp. |
|
|
Term
| authoritarian parenting style |
|
Definition
| parents impose harsh rules and expectations |
|
|
Term
| permissive parenting style |
|
Definition
| parents submit to their children's desires |
|
|
Term
| authoritative parenting style |
|
Definition
"the just right style"
-parents are both demanding and reponsive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
less westernized adolescents form identities earlier-are told by their parents more
-sense of self that is tested in varying situations by teen
-leads to developing capacity for intimacy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| naturally reinforces behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a behavior that leads to the primary reinforcer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secondary unit associated with often leading to primary reinforcer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with achieving the primary reinforcer but leads to primary drive beforehand |
|
|
Term
| Gewirtz and Deprivation of attachment |
|
Definition
taught baby simple task w mother's praise as reinforcement
condition 1-mother was w baby today
condition 2- mother had been separated from it today
babies that had been separated learned more quickly to pull rope
illustrates dependency as a behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
similar to evolutionary psych
stresses system operations aka the system gave them their traits and behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
what sounds like a babie's cry?
syrens! we cant ignore these or a crying baby |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found 70 percent of babies are healthily attached |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extracting rules about action
ex reversability
-fundamental laws of action |
|
|
