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| caused by to strong of social ties, ties to group or community are more important than individual identity. i.e. korean sisters who attempted suicide to ease parents economic struggles |
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| occurs when lives are suddenly disrupted by major social events; society is weakened or disrupted, people feel hopeless or disillusioned |
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| used to test theories about social phenomenons, compares existing official statistics and historical records across groups |
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| occurs when individual is emphasized over group or community connections |
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| individualistic explanation |
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| tendency to attribute people's achievements and failures to their personal qualities |
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| ability to see the impact of social forces on our private lives |
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| said suicide risk increases when social ties are minimum or disrupted; social ties theory |
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| social position acquired through our own efforts or accomplishments or taken on voluntarily |
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| social position acquired at birth or taken involuntarily later in life |
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| occurs when 2 member in a triad turn against the third member |
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| (macro) belief that there are patterns in society, but they are produced from conflict in groups |
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| language, values, beliefs, rules, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a society |
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| focuses on gender, most important source of inequality in conflict in social life. |
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| process through which peoples lives all around the world become economically, politically, environmentally, and culturally interconnected |
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| set of people who interact more or less regularly and who are conscious of their identity as a unit |
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| groups we belong to and toward which we feel a sense of loyalty. |
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| unintended, unrecognized consequences of activities that help some part of the social system |
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| patterns that are outside/above a person; focuses on the broad social forces and structural features of society that are above the level of individuals |
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| intended, obvious consequences of activities designed to help some part of the social system |
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| immediate, occurs inside the person; focuses on immediate, everyday experiences of individuals |
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| culturally defined standard or rule of conduct |
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| frustration people feel when the demands of one role they are expected to fulfill clash with the demands of another role |
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| situations in which people lack the necessary resources to fulfill the demands of a particular role |
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| relatively impersonal group that is established to perform a specific task |
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| stable set of roles, statuses, groups and organizations that provides a foundation for behavior in some major area of social life i.e. school |
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| people who share a culture and common identity, same political authority |
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| any named social position that people can have |
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| (macro) social institutions are structured to maintain stability and order in society |
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| something used to represent or stand for something else |
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| (micro) person day to day exchanges of people as individuals, pairs or groups |
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| standard of judgement by which people decide on desirable goals and outcomes |
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| analysis of existing data |
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| type of unobtrusive research that relies on data gathered earlier by someone else for another purpose |
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| form of unobtrusive research that studies the content of recorded messages such as books and speeches |
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| depends upon and is influenced by the independent variable |
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| operates from an ideological position that questions about human behavior can be answered only though controlled systematic observations in the real world |
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| conducted under closely controlled lab circumstances designed to create some sort of behavior (quantitative) |
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| type of research in which the researcher observes events as they actually occur |
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| form of research that relies on existing historical documents as a source of data |
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| a prediction made based on observation before an experiment |
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| a belief that can not be proved wrong and has become so much a part of common sense that one continues to believe it even in the face of contradiction |
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| variable that causes or influences the dependent variable |
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| measurable event, characteristic, or behavior commonly thought to reflect a particular concept |
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| nonparticipant observation |
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| observing people without telling them, no interaction |
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| researcher interacts with subject sometimes hiding his or her identity |
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| identifying things that have a high likelihood but not definite chance of influencing human action |
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| research based on non numerical info such as words and observations |
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| research based on collection of numerical data, precise statistical analysis |
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| a problem associated with certain forms of research in which the very act of intruding into people's lives may influence the phenomenon being studied |
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| typical of the whole population being studied |
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| subgroup chosen to study because it characteristics are similar to those of the entire population |
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| assumption or prediction that as a result of being made causes the expected event to occur, therefore fulfilling the prophecy |
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| social construction of reality |
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| members of society discover, make known, reaffirm, and alter a collective version of facts, knowledge, and "truth" |
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| a false association between two variables that is actually due to the effect of some third variable |
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| researcher asks people series of questions |
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| set of statements or proposition that seeks to explain or predict a particular aspect of social life |
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| researcher examines evidence of social behavior people create or leave behind with no direct contact between examiner and subject |
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| any characteristic attitude, behavior or event that can take on two or more values or attributes |
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| method of sociology using photographs, videos, and film as a way to gather data or a source of data about social life |
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| group that actively opposes the values and behavior patterns of the dominant culture i.e. hippies |
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| principle that peoples beliefs and activities should be interpreted in terms of their own culture |
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| judging someone else's culture based on your own standards and culture |
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| informal norms, mildly punished, has large influence on public as a whole |
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| culture where heterosexuality is accepted as the norm |
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| pattern of behavior within existing social institutions that is widely accepted in society |
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| "artifacts" of a society that represent its social and physical environmental changes |
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| formal version of norms, bring severe punishment |
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| knowledge, beliefs, values, morals, and symbols that are shared by members of a society |
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| social response that punishes or discourages violations of a social norm |
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| belief that there are only two sex categories male and female, and they are permanent and universal |
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| set of norms determining how one is supposed to behave when they are sick |
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| values, behaviors, and artifacts of a group that distinguishes itself from the larger culture |
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| people who identify with a different sex and sometimes undergo hormone treatment or surgery to change their sex |
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