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| the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son) "Judaism, Christianity, and Islam each has a special claim on Abraham" |
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| doctrine of analogy: the religious belief that between creature and creator no similarity can be found so great but that the dissimilarity is always greater; any analogy between God and humans will always be inadequate |
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| 14 books of the Old Testament included in the Vulgate (except for II Esdras) but omitted in Jewish and Protestant versions of the Bible; eastern Christian churches (except the Coptic Church) accept all these books as canonical; the Russian Orthodox Church accepts these texts as divinely inspired but does not grant them the same status |
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| a Christian sacrament signifying spiritual cleansing and rebirth |
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| a collection of books accepted as holy scripture especially the books of the Bible recognized by any Christian church as genuine and inspired |
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| Creation out of nothing. God created merely by speaking it into existence. |
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| the 2nd king of the Israelites; as a young shepherd he fought Goliath (a giant Philistine warrior) and killed him by hitting him in the head with a stone flung from a sling; he united Israel with Jerusalem as its capital; many of the Psalms are attributed to David |
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| the form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation |
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| Thomas Aquinas (and Karl Barth) use this phrase to express that God is utterly unique. God is not a particular instance within a class |
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1) An authoritative principle, belief or statement of opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true regardless of evidence, or without evidence to support it.
2) A doctrine (or set of doctrines) relating to matters such as morality and faith, set forth authoritatively by a religious organization or leader. |
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1) System of doctrines concerning final matters, such as death.
2) The study of the end times — the end of the world, notably in Christian theology the second coming of Christ, the Apocalypse or the Last Judgment. |
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| Latin word meaning "and the Son" which was added to the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed by the Church of Rome in the 11th century, one of the major factors leading to the Great Schism between East and West. This inclusion in the Creedal article regarding the Holy Spirit thus states that the Spirit "proceeds from the Father and the Son." |
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1) A state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence
2) The free and unmerited favor or beneficence of God |
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| Holy Ghost: the third person in the Trinity; Jesus promised the Apostles that he would send the Holy Spirit after his Crucifixion and Resurrection; it came on Pentecost |
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| One of the three theological virtues in Christian tradition. Hope being a combination of the desire for something and expectation of receiving it, the virtue is hoping for Divine union and so eternal happiness. Like all virtues, it arises from the will, not the passions. |
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| The substantial union of divine and human nature in the one person of Jesus Christ. Belief in this is a formal doctrine of the Christian church |
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| The belief that the second person in the Christian Godhead, also known as God the Son or the Logos (Word), "became flesh" when he was miraculously conceived in the womb of the Virgin Mary |
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| The doctrinal position that the Bible is accurate and totally free of error. Some literalist or conservative Christians teach that the Bible is without error in every way in all matters: chronology, history, biology, sociology, psychology, politics, physics, math, art, and so on. Other Christians believe that the Scriptures are always right (do not err) only in fulfilling their primary purpose: revealing God, God's vision, God's purposes, and God's good news to humanity |
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| the belief that the Holy Spirit will not allow the Church to error in its belief or teaching under certain circumstances. This belief is held by the Roman Catholic Church. |
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| God's act of declaring or making a sinner righteous before God. The concept of justification occurs in many books of both the Old Testament and New Testament. |
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| Latin for divine reading, spiritual reading, or "holy reading," and represents a traditional Catholic practice of prayer and scriptural reading intended to promote communion with God and to increase in the knowledge of God's Word. It is a way of praying with Scripture that calls one to study, ponder, listen and, finally, pray and even sing and rejoice from God's Word, within the soul. |
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| The nontrinitarian belief that the Heavenly Father, Resurrected Son and Holy Spirit are different modes or aspects of one God, as perceived by the believer, rather than three distinct persons in God Himself. |
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| a spiritual truth heretofore hidden, incapable of discovery by mere reason, but now revealed. Not like the pagan mysteries, imparted only; to the initiated few. All Christians are the initiated; unbelievers alone are the uninitiated |
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| Branch of theology based on reason and ordinary experience. Thus it is distinguished from revealed theology (or revealed religion) which is based on scripture and religious experiences of various kinds; and also from transcendental theology, theology from a priori reasoning. |
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(i) ontology concerns the categorical analysis of entities by means of the knowledge categories able to classify them.
(ii) ontics refers to a pre-categorical and pre-objectual connection which is best expressed in the relation to transcendent acts |
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| Opera Trinitatis ad extra sunt indivisa |
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| Medieval theologians after Augustine suggested that the external operations of creation, redemption, and sanctification attributed primarily to the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, respectively, should be indivisible (opera trinitatis ad extra indivisa sunt). All the three persons are therefore involved in each of those operations. |
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| correctness in doctrine and belief; conformity to established and accepted beliefs (usually of religions) |
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| Correct practice or action; Right belief combined with right practice, with the emphasis being on the latter, a term specially used in Latin American liberation theology, often in contrast with an orthodoxy seen as insufficiently interested in the practical and political content of faith |
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| A doctrine that the universe is part of God, but that God nevertheless transcends or has some existence separate from the universe; A belief in all gods |
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| The belief that the universe is in some sense divine and should be revered. Pantheism identifies the universe with God but denies any personality or transcendence of such a God; The belief in all gods; omnitheism |
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| Second Coming: (Christian theology) the reappearance of Jesus as judge for the Last Judgment |
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| The eight-day Jewish festival of Pesach, commemorating the biblical story of Exodus, during which the first-born sons of the Israelites were passed over while those of the Egyptians were killed; The Christian holy day generally falling on the first day of the Jewish Passover |
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| (New Testament) a Christian missionary to the Gentiles; author of several Epistles in the New Testament; even though Paul was not present at the Last Supper he is considered an Apostle; "Paul's name was Saul prior to his conversion to Christianity" |
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| “mutual indwelling without loss of personal identity.” Union between the three part of the Triune God without any part losing its distinct personhood in the process. |
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| the study of spiritual beings and phenomena, especially the interactions between humans and God. Refers to the study of the Holy Spirit |
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| Able not to sin. Adam's state before the Fall, and in another way also ours after we are saved |
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| Refers to the return to bodily life of Jesus on the third day following his death by crucifixion. It is a key element of Christian faith and theology. The resurrection of Jesus is not to be confused with the Ascension of Jesus into heaven forty days after the resurrection |
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| A religious symbol or often a rite which conveys divine grace, blessing, or sanctity upon the believer who participates in it, or a tangible symbol which represents an intangible reality. Example: baptism in water, representing (and conveying) the grace of the gift of the Holy Spirit, the Forgiveness of Sins, and membership into the Church |
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| The Koine Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, translated in stages between the 3rd and 2nd century BCE in Alexandria |
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| examines the role of Jesus Christ as saviour (redeemer), and the nature of the salvation as a free gift |
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| term coined by the theologian Martin Luther to refer to theology that posits the cross as the only source of knowledge concerning who God is and how God saves. It is contrasted with the theology of glory (theologia gloriae), which places greater emphasis on human abilities and human reason. |
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| Greek title of Mary, the mother of Jesus used especially in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic Churches. Its literal English translations include God-bearer and the one who gives birth to God |
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| Pentateuch: refers to the Five Books of Moses—the entirety of Judaism's founding legal and ethical religious texts |
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| (Genesis 11:1-11) a tower built by Noah's descendants (probably in Babylon) who intended it to reach up to heaven; God foiled them by confusing their language so they could no longer understand one another |
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| the unity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as three persons in one divine Being, called the Godhead. God exists as three persons but is one God |
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| belief that there are three distinct, powerful gods, who form a triad. Generally three gods are envisaged as having separate powers and separate supreme beings or spheres of influence but working together |
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| Belief in universal reconciliation (all will eventually be reconciled to God without exception, the penalty for sin is not everlasting, i.e. doctrines of everlasting damnation to hell and annihilationism are rejected) and theosis (all souls will ultimately be conformed to the image of divine perfection in Christ). |
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| Refers firstly to the "call" by God to the individual, or calling of all humankind to salvation, particularly in the Vulgate, and more specifically to the "vocation to the priesthood", which is still the usual sense in Roman Catholicism |
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| : Signifies the connection with the religious memorial called the Lord’s Supper. It also is concerned with partaking of a common meal |
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| The beliefs of the Catholic Church. |
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| The assembly of followers of Jesus Christ and the backbone of Christianity. |
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| Conformity With Conscience |
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| Conscience enables one to assume responsibility for the acts performed. If man commits evil, the just judgment of conscience can remain within him as the witness to the universal truth of the good, at the same time as the evil of his particular choice. |
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| Congruence with Scripture |
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| The process of praying as described by Augustine is one of working toward congruence between the external word of Scripture. |
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| It’s leaving people without consistent touchstones they can commit to memory and rely on in crisis. He emphasizes consistency – and we could do with more of that. |
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| Continuity with Apostolic Tradition |
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| The development of a clear theology of the real presence of Christ (his body and bloood) in the eurcharistic bread and cup. |
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| The Christian belief that God created all things and is described in the book of Genesis in the Old Testament of the Bible. |
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| Evil is a deviation from good as God would not create an evil world. |
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| To be away from one’s home while being refused the right to return and/or being threatened by death or prison if you return. |
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| The confident trust or belief in a person, concept or thing. |
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| Of such brilliance or excellence it must be divine inspiration (bible not written by God but rather authors whom were divinely inspired) |
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| A gift supernaturally given to understand God and the Bible. |
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| By looking at the universe and its power, beauty and order we see God and believe in him. |
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| An interpretation of something based on the exact words (such as some protestants and thier interpretation of the Bible) |
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| A term used by Christians, Jews and Islam for the “redeemer” figure, the savior sent from God. "the anointed one" |
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| Metaphorical Interpretation |
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| The Christian message is not about a literal reading of the stories; it is a metaphor for love and sacrifice. |
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| A form of religious practice that seeks to activate a volitional rapport to a god or spirit through deliberate practice |
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| In the doctrine of Divine Simplicity it says that God is without parts. |
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| Historical Critical Method |
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| process in which to look at the bible in critical method to determine which parts are historically supported and which are not |
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internal: self consistency among community believers
External: must give account of how beliefs connect to knowledge and other fields.
calls to mind the basic Christian affirmation that in the reality of Jesus all things cohere |
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| teaching that makes baptism or filling by the spirit a second stage experience subsequent to conversion and regeneration |
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| Consonance with experience |
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| ringing true, or being in tune with |
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| doctrine in question pertinent to what matters most in present situation |
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| God is all powerful, easier to say what God is not (God is not finite) rather than to say what God is |
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| In Church, age at which one attains a state of moral responsibility and incure the obligation to observe various legal and moral prescription |
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| respect for the human person and the rights which flow from human dignity and guarantee it |
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| house of worship; body is the temple of our soul and Jesus' body is new temple of the covenant with God |
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| virtue of making oneself and one's thoughts known both accurately and in a manner of appropriate to the circumstances |
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| one of seven gifts of Holy Spirit, higher reason leads to wisdom. Wisdom allows one to see God in everything |
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| taking into account the broadest range of relevant data possible that connects various aspects such scripture, science, etc. |
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