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unpaired median structure on the pretarsus; often membranous and bladder-like. |
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naming of plant and animal species using a combination of a generic name and a species epithet, i.e. Sirthenea stria. |
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| the elongate, usually thickened, basal portion of the front wing in the suborder Heteroptera |
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| appendages of the 10th abdominal segment of insects. |
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| Adult mayflies migrate upstream to mating and breeding locations to counteract effect of immatures drifting downstream. |
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combination of characteristic features that uniquely identify a taxon (any rank, i.e. species, genera, families, orders). |
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a thickened or leathery front wing, in which the front wing veins are not apparent (e.g. – Coleoptera). |
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rank in biological classification; fixed ending –idea; widely used in biology. |
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slender, thin; often used to describe shape of antennae or cerci. |
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diagnostic feature of Collembola; appendages on the tip of the abdomen that together with the retinaculum allow Collembola to jump. |
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a small knobbed structure on each side of the metathorax, formed from a modified hind wing (Diptera) or on each side of the mesothorax, formed from a modified front wing (Strepsiptera). |
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| the adult or reproductive stage of an insect |
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Male deposits sperm e.g. on ground and female takes it up; no copulation. |
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also referred to as commensal; species living within colony of social insects (i.e. ants, termites) without harm or benefit to that species. |
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term used in phylogenetics to describe monophyletic group. |
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female guards her offspring (i.e. eggs and/or immatures). |
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| group of taxa derived from common ancestor and including all its descendants. |
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| insects that are capable of folding their wings; all Pterygota except Odonata and Ephemeroptera. |
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| rank in biological classification; no fixed ending. |
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| pterygote insects that cannot fold their wings, i.e. Ephemeroptera and Odonata. |
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group of taxa derived from common ancestor, but excluding some of its descendants; often indicated by “xxx” in phylogenetics. |
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| diagram showing relationships between taxa. |
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| diagnostic feature of immature Odonata; labium can be extended to grasp prey insects. |
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| Primarily apterous insect or hexapod orders |
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| the 5 phylogenetically basal hexapod or insect orders (Collembola, Diplura, Protura, Archaeognata, Zygentoma) that are derived from a wingless (apterous) ancestor; used to contrast these groups with secondarily wingless taxa such as Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera that are phylogenetically derived from winged ancestors. |
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Definition
monophyletic group including all insect hexapod except the 5 primarily apterous orders, the Ephemeroptera, and the Odonata; diagnosed by the possession of wings (note: wings in certain groups including Siphonaptera, Phthiraptera, certain Hemiptera, etc. are secondarily reduced). |
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Definition
any recognized level in the taxonomic hierarchy (e.g. the rank of family). |
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| diagnostic feature of Collembola; clamp-like structure on the abdomen that together with the furcula allows Collembola to jump. |
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| rank in biological classification; fixed ending –inae |
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| winged instar of Ephemeroptera that molts again before reaching reproductive maturity. |
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| Book by Carl Linnaeus that is the starting point for modern biological nomenclature. |
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| study of the diversity of life on the planet Earth |
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taxonomic unit that can be defined, whether described or not (formal or informal group: e.g. species, group of species that form a genus or family etc.). |
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describing, naming, classifying, identifying biodiversity. |
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parchment-like or leathery wing. |
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specimen designated to represent a species and deposited in a natural history collection when describing e.g. a new species, genus, etc. |
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| diagnostic feature of Collembola. |
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| biogeographic division of the Earth's land surfaces based on the historic and evolutionary distribution patterns of terrestrial plants and animals |
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| a specialized level in a colony of social insects, such as ants, in which the members, such as workers or soldiers, carry out a specific function. |
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| one of a pair of dorsal tubular structures on the posterior part of the abdomen; present in aphids |
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| mobile first-instar nymph of Coccoidea. |
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| small space produced by thrips gluing or sewing together two or more plant parts within which they breed and feed |
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| Endopterygota [=Holometabola] |
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Definition
insects with complete metamorphosis. |
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| insects without internal wing development; note that this term does not refer to a monophyletic group (in contrast to Endopterygota [=Holometabola] that are monophyletic. |
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| form of sociality in which there is reproductive division of labor (with or without sterile castes), overlapping generations, and cooperative care of young (e.g., “Isopteara”). |
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| abnormal growth of plant cells in response to an insect's stimulus that inhabits the gall. |
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habitats found throughout the northern continents of the world as a whole. |
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