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| are carbon based molecules |
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| are orgainc molecules containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms |
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| groups of atoms that usually participate in chemical reactions |
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| four catergories of large organic molecules |
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| carbonhydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
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| three of these are macromolecules |
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| carbohydrates, proteins,nucleic acids |
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| are made by stringing together many smaller molecules called monomers |
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| links two monomers together and removes a molecule of water |
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| breaks bonds between monomers, add a molecule of water, reverses the dehydration reaction |
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| are sugars or sugar polymers, ex. in soft drinks sweet foods and pasta and otatoes |
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| are simple sugars; can;t be broken down by hydrolysis into smaller sugars, ex. found in glucose in sports drinks and fructose found in fruit |
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| are isomers, molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures |
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| is a double sugar, constructed from two monosaccharides, formed by a dehydration reaction, ex milk, beer and table salt |
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| complex carbohydrates , made of long chains of sugar units and polymers of monosaccharides |
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| used by plants cells to store energy, ex. potatoes, grains |
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| are used by animals cells to store energy, converted to glucose when it is needed |
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| most abundant organic compounds on earth, forms cable like fibrils in tough plant call walls, cannot be broken apart by most animal |
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| water loving, adhering water to their surface |
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| are neither macromolecules nor polymers, unable to mix with water, two major classes: fats and steroids |
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| fewer than the maximum number of hydrogens |
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| the maximum number of hydrogens |
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| a condition in which lipid containing plaques build up within the walls of blood vessels |
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| adds hydrogen, converts unsaturated fats to saturated fats, makes liquid fats soild at room temperature, creats trans fat ex. vegetable oil |
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| very different from fats in structure and function |
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| cells link amino acides together by dehydration reactions |
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| creating long chains of amino acids |
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| the specific sequence of amino acids in a protein |
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| a nucleotides has three parts |
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| a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base |
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| Adenine, (A), Guanine(G), Thymine(T), cytosine(C) |
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| is usually single stranded, uses the sugar ribose rather then deoxribose, the base uracil (U) is used instead of thymine (T) |
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| DNA resides in cells in long fibers called |
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| the code of DNA must ne translated from |
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| nucleic acid language to protein language |
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