じゅぎょう

lesson

ぶんけい

sentence pattern (structure)

れいぶん

Example sentence, model sentence

会話

かいわ

conversation

練習（する）

れんしゅう「する」

practice

こたえ

answer, solution, reply, responce

よみもの

reading material

復習「する」

君は英語の復習をしようとしますか？

ふくしゅう「する」

review, revise, revision

もくじ

table of contents (e.g in a book)

索引

その本には索引がつくていますか？

さくいん

index

ぶんぽう

grammar

文

ぶん

sentence

たんご

word

句

く

Phrase

せつ

clause

はつおん

Pronunciation

ぼいん

Vowel

しいん

conosonant

It's the opposite of a vowel.

Vowels are A, E, I, O and U.

Consonants are all of the other letters.

(The only exception is the letter "Y," which can act as either. If there are no vowels in a word, but the letter "Y," is present, "Y" becomes a vowel in that word.)

はく

Mora

Moras, counted as 1-paku, 2-haku, ... using haku (拍) or 1-on, 2-on, ... using on (音), are the rhythmic units of Japanese. A word combines moras to have a function in a phrase, and a morpheme is a combination of moras to have meaning in some context. The Japanese writing system of kana is based on moras, placing one kana on each mora, with some exceptions with 'softened consonants' like kya, known as yōon. See 7.7. What is yōon (youon)?

The difference between moras and syllables is:

• A long vowel is counted as 2 moras.
• Aa is one syllable, but two moras, a-a
• Ou is one syllable, but two moras, o-o
• Ei is one syllable, but two moras, e-e

いちぎょう

row

いちれつ

line

ていねいたい

polite style of speech

ふつうたい

plain style of speech

かつよう

inflection

inflection is th change of a word (typically the ending) the express a grammatical function or attribute, such as tense, mood, person, number, case and gender.

~けい

form

しゅうしょく「する」

modification, modify

例外

れいがい

eception

めいし

noun

動詞

どうし

verb

けいようし

adjective

いけいようし

い adjective

なけいようし

な adjective

ふくし

adverb

A word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a phrase, expressing a relation of place, time,...

例：The seamstress quickly made the mourning clothes.

助詞

じょし

Particle

せつぞくし

conjugation

What Is a Conjugated Verb?

Conjugated verbs, once again, are verbs which have been changed to communicate one or more of the following: person, number, gender, tense, aspect, mood, or voice. Those will be explained in detail in just a moment, but first, here’s an example of the verb “break” conjugated in several different ways.

Present Simple

I, You, We, They: break

He, She, It: breaks

Present Continuous (Progressive)

I: am breaking

You, We, They: are breaking

He, She, It: is breaking

Present Perfect

I, You, We, They: have broken

He, She, It: has broken

Past Simple

I, You, We, They, He, She, It: broke

Past Continuous

I, He, She, It: was breaking

You, We, They: were breaking

Past Perfect

I, You, We, They, He, She, It: had broken

すうし

Quantifier

A quantifier , as its name implies, expresses quantity . Quantifiers can be a single word or a phrase and are used with nouns . They can be used with both a countable or an uncountable noun to express amount or quantity . Some , much , many , few , little , a lot , half , three , etc., are common quantifiers.

じょすうし

counters

疑問詞

ぎもんし

interrgative (question word)

A word used in questions, such as how or what.

めいしぶん

noun (predicate) sentence

どうしぶん

verb (predicate) sentence

けいようしぶん

adjective (predicate) sentence

主語

しゅご

subject