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Endocrine System
Chapter 18: Terms/Definitions (Questions from the end of the chapter)
21
Biology
Undergraduate 2
05/14/2013

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Term
Parathormone
Definition
Increases blood Ca2+ level
Term
Glucagon, Human Growth Hormone, Epinephrine and Norepinephrine, Cortisol
Definition
Increases blood glucose level
Term
Calcitonin
Definition
Decreases blood Ca2+ level
Term
Insulin
Definition
Decreases blood glucose level
Term
Prolactin
Definition
Initiates and maintains milk secretion by the mammary glands
Term
Melatonin
Definition
Regulates the body's biological clock
Term
Luteinizing Hormone
Definition
Stimulates sex hormone production; triggers ovulation
Term
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Definition
Augments fight-or-flight respones
Term
Cortisol
Definition
Regulates metabolism and resistance to stress
Term
Antidiuretic Hormone, Aldosterone
Definition
Helps control water and electrolyte homeostatsis. Inhibits water loss through the kidneys.
Term
Inhibin
Definition
Suppresses release of FSH
Term
Androgens
Definition
Stimulates growth of axillary and pubic hair
Term
Thymosin
Definition
Promotes T cell maturation
Term
Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine
Definition
Regulates oxygen use, basal metabolic rate, cellular metabolism, and growth and development
Term
Human Growth Hormone
Definition
Stimulates protein synthesis, inhibits protein breakdown, stimulates lipolysis, and retards use of glucose for ATP production
Term
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Definition
Stimulates egg and sperm formation
Term
Oxytocin
Definition
Enhances uterine contractions during labor; stimulates milk ejection
Term
Hypothalamic Regulating Hormone
Definition
Stimulates and inhibits secretion of anterior pituitary hormones
Term
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
Definition
Increases skin pigmentation when present in excess
Term
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
Definition
Stimulates synthesis and release of T3 and T4
Term
Hypothalamic Regulating Hormone, Prostaglandins
Definition
Local hormones involved in inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, blood flow, and inflammation
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