Term
| basic structure of a tendon |
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Definition
composed of collagen and elastin
synthesized by tenocytes and tenoblasts |
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Term
| compositional differences between tendons and ligaments |
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Definition
tendons have more collagen - don't deform as much
ligaments have more elastin - have the ability to deform more |
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Term
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Definition
closed duct around tendons gliding on bony surfaces
friction reduction muchanism |
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Term
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Definition
| friction reduction mechanism in tendons that do not have a synovial sheath |
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Term
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Definition
outer layer of the proper tendon
fibers at 60 degrees to the tendon axis but reorient to 30 degrees after stretching |
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Term
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Definition
envelopes the primary, secondary and tertiary fiber bundles together
carries blood vessels, nerves and lymph to the tendon |
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Term
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Definition
wavy formation within fascicles
believed to result from cross liking of proteoglycans
disappears when stretched and reappears when unloaded |
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Term
| effects of greater cross sectional area |
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Definition
greater stiffness
greater maximum stress
same strain |
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Term
| secondary biomechanical functions of tendons |
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Definition
eliminate unnecessary muscle length
absorb shock to limit damage to muscle |
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Term
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Definition
1.5-4% of elongation
changes are at light microscopic level |
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Term
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Definition
range 2-4%
tendon will recover to its original length if not strained beyond this region |
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Term
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Definition
collagen fibers start getting damaged
possible rupture of cross-links
reduction in stiffness |
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Term
| mechanical properties of tendons |
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Definition
| tensile strength of a tendon is about twice the strength of the muscle it is attached to |
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Term
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Definition
muscle-tendon juction - most compliant
bone-tendon junction - less compliant
tendon itself - least compliant |
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Term
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Definition
| in an isotonic contraction, the tendon will lengthen and more muscle fibers will be recruited to maintain the position of the limb |
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Term
| effect of stress relaxation |
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Definition
| in an isometric contraction, the stress in the tendon will decrease over time |
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Term
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Definition
| force applied very quickly (high rate) will cause the tendon to be stiffer and able to take more stress/force than force applied slowly (low rate) |
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Term
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Definition
myotendinous junction is the weakest
tendon is the strongest |
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Term
| ligaments - point of failure |
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Definition
high loading rate - failure will be in midsubstance
low loading rate - failure will be in bony insertion |
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Term
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Definition
| tendon stiffness and Young's modulus are significantly lower in women |
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Term
| effects of immobilization |
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Definition
| results in weaker tissue, that is less stiff and undergoes larger elongation for the same load |
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