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| a provision of the 1992 United States Cable Television Protection and Competition Act that requires cable operators and other multichannel video programming distributors to obtain permission from broadcasters before carrying their programming. In exchange, a broadcaster may propose that the operator pay cash to carry the station or ask for any other form of consideration. |
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| occurs when a regulatory agency, created to act in the public interest, instead advances the commercial or special concerns of interest groups that dominate the industry or sector it is charged with regulating. Regulatory capture is a form of government failure, as it can act as an encouragement for firms to produce negative externalities. |
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| was a renowned English film director, celebrated for his partnership with Emeric Pressburger. |
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| refers to notion that vague or over broad laws may suppress legitimate speech activity |
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| Communications Act of 1934 |
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| enacted as Public Law Number 416, Act of June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, by the 73rd Congress, signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, codified as Chapter 5 of Title 47 of the United States Code, 47 U.S.C. § 151 et seq. The Act replaced the Federal Radio Commission with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). It also transferred regulation of interstate telephone services from the Interstate Commerce Commission to the FCC. |
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| current number of fcc commisioners |
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| Telecommunications Act of 1996 |
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changed the ground rules for competition and regulation in all sectors of the electronic communications industry.
Four major areas
Telephone services
Cable television
Radio & TV broadcasting
Internet & online services
In each of these areas...
Cross-market entry barriers eliminated
Concentration & merger rules relaxed
Competitive market forces unleashed |
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| a policy of the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC), introduced in 1949, that required the holders of broadcast licenses to both present controversial issues of public importance and to do so in a manner that was, in the Commission's view, honest, equitable and balanced. |
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Locke’s major concepts:
humankind is essentially just and rational
freedom of expression is a fundamental human right
government exists only at the pleasure of the people |
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The Miltonian ideal: A free and open marketplace of ideas.
“Though all the winds of doctrine were let loose to play upon the earth, so Truth be in the field; we do injuriously by licensing and prohibiting to misdoubt her strength. Let her and Falsehood grapple; who ever knew Truth put to the worse in a free and open encounter?“ – John Milton |
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the critique of pure reason (1781)
“Dare to know! Have the courage to use your intelligence.” |
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| describes a range of political philosophies which prioritize the local. Generally, localism supports local production and consumption of goods, local control of government, and promotion of local history, local culture and local identity. |
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| s a significant American media critic and the dean emeritus of the University of California, Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. In 1983, Bagdikian published The Media Monopoly, which revealed the fast-moving media conglomeration that was putting more and more media corporations in fewer and fewer hands with each new merger |
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| Characteristics of authoritarianism |
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- the state is above everything else
- any means to uphold the state is allowable
- the individual is insignificant
The authoritarian truth
truth flows from the top down
- truth is subject to change
- authoritarian truth is the standard for all members of society
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Has the explosion of new media technologies made it nearly impossible for authoritarian governments to restrict the free flow of information?
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| A situation or place in which values, opinions, and ideas are put forward for debate or recognition. |
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requires radio & TV stations & cable systems to treat legally qualified political candidates equally when it comes to selling or giving away air time.
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