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| the right to rule; the Chinese believed heaven gave it to their emperors. (When an emperor was weak or disasters occurred, the emperor was thought to have lost the Mandate of Heaven) |
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| a person who studies the meaning of life |
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| kind treatment of parents; translation of the Chinese word xiao |
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| the ideas of the Chinese philosopher Confucius, which became a guide for the way people live |
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| Chinese teachings that express a belief in the strict following of laws |
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| the practice of making all things of a certain type alike |
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| the part of a bureaucracy that oversees the day-to-day business of running a government |
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| A religion and philosophy that teaches that the key to long life and happiness is to accept life as it is |
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