Byzantine

A style associated w/eastern Europe that arose after 300ce, The year that Emperor Constantine moved the capital of his empire from Rome to Byzantine and renamed the city Constantinople (present day Istanbul).

The style was concurrent w/the early christian style in western euroupe.

catacombs

A vault or gallery in an underground burial place

Caroligian

Referring to Charlemange or his period.

Charlemange was emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 800 - 814 ce

Central Plans

A design for a church or a chapek with a primary central space surrounded by symmetrical areas around each side. (contrasts with Longitudinal plans)

Altar

A raised platform or stand used for sacred ceremonial or ritual purpose

Alternate a-b-a-b support system

Alternate Support System

An architectual support systen in which alternating structural elements bear the weight of the walls and the load from the celing.

Ambalatory

In a church, a continuation of the side isles of a latin cross plain into a passageway that extends behind the choir and apse and allows traffic to flow to the chapels, which are often placed in this area. (from latin for to walk , ambulare)

Annuciation

The angel gabriels announcement to MAry that she would give birth to Jesus

Apocalypse

The ultimate triumph of good over evil foretold in Judeo-Christion writings.

Apse

A semi circular or polygonal projection of a building w/ a semi circular dome, especially on the east end of a church.

Atrium

A hall or entrance court

crossing square

In architecture, the area that defines the right-angle intersection of the vaults of the nave and the transept of a church

Compound Pier

In Gothic style, a completely shaped vertical support to which a number of colonnettes (thin half columns) are often attached.

Clerestory

In latin cross plan, the area above the triform in the elevation of the nave, which contains windows to provide direct lighting for the nave

Contrapposto

A position in which a figure is obliquely balanced around a central vertical axis (Weight shift Principle)

Archivolts

In architecture, the lower part of an entablature, which may consist of one or more horizontal bands

Eastern Orthodox

A form of christianity dominant in Eastern Europe, Western Asia and North Africa

Flying Buttresses

A buttress that is exterior to  a building but connected in a location that permits the buttress to support an interior vault

Diagonal Ribs

In architecture, a rib that connects the opposite corners of a groin vault.

Greek Cross Plan

A cross shaped design, particularly of a church, in which the arms (nave and trancept) are equal in length.

Genre paintings

Simple human representations; realistic figure painting that focuses on themes taken from everyday life.

Hierarchical Scaling

The use of relative size to indicate the comparative imporance of depicted objects or people

Intarsia

A style of decorative mosaic inlay

 International Style

A post world war I school of art and architecture that used modern materials and methods and expressed the view that form must follow function.

International Gothic Style

A refined style of painting in late fourteenth- century and early fifteenth century Europe characterized by splendid processions and courtly scenes, ornate embellishment, and attention to detail.

Jamb

In architecture, the side post of a doorway, window frame, fireplace, etc.

Latin cross plans

a cross shaped church design in which the nave is longer than the transcept.

Longitudinal Plan

A church design in which the nave is longer than the transept and in which parts are symmetrical against an axis. (Contrast with central plan)

Lunette

A crescent- shaped space or opening.

(french for "little moon")

mosaic

small pieces of tile, glass, or stone that are assembled to the create an image

Middle ages

Manuscript illumination

Illustration or decoration of books and letters with pictures or designs

Mural Quality

A surface suitable for mural painting

Illumination

Illustration or decoration of a manuscript with pictures or design

Narthex

A church vestibule that leads to the nave, constructed for use by the catechumens

(individuals preparing to be baptized)

Nave

The central Isle of a church, constructed for use by the congregation at large.

mannerist art

A sixteenth century  post renaissance style characterized by artificial poses and gestures, vivid -sometimes harsh-

color and distorted, elongated faces. 

Orans

A praying figure

Orthogonal

Composed of right angles

Palatine Chapel

A chapel that is part of a palace.

Pendentive

In architecture, a spherical triangle that fills wall space between the four arches of a groin vault in order to provide a circular base on which a dome may rest.

 Panel Painting

A painting, usually iin tempra but sometimes in oil, whose ground is a wooden panel.

propylaeum

In architecture, a gateway building leading to an open court in front of a Greek or Roman temple; specifically, such as a building on an the acropolis.

Quatrefoil

In architecture, a design made up of four converging arcs that are similar in appearance to a flower with four petals.

Rose window

A large circular window in a gothic church, assembled in segments that resemble the petals of a flower, usually adorned with stained glass and plantlike ornamental work.

Rectangular bay system

A church plan in which rectangular bays serve as the basis for the overall design. (contrast with square schematism)

Renaissance

A period spanning the fourteenth  and fifteenth centuries CE in Europe. The renaissance (French for rebirth) rejected medieval art an philosophy; it first turned to Classical antiquity for inspiration and then developed patterns of art and philosophy that paved the way toward the modern world.

Radiating Chapel

n apse-shaped chapel, several of which generally radiate from the ambulatory in a latin cross plan

S curve

Square Schematism

A church plan in which the crossing square serves as the basis for determining the overall dimensions of the building. ( contrast with rectangular bay system)

Transept

The "arms" of a latin cross plan, used by pilgrims and other visitors for access to the area behind the crossing square.

Transverse Rib

In architecture, a rib that connects the midpoints of a groin vault.

Tribune Gallery

In architecture, the space between the nave arcade and the clestory that is used for traffic above the side isles on the second stage of the elevation.

Triforium

In a church, a gallery or arcade in the wall above the arches of the nave, transept. or choir.

Tympanum

Semicircular space above the doors of a cathedral

Visitation

In Roman Cotholicism, the visit of the Virgin Mary to Elizabeth; a church feast commemorating the visit.

Venus Pudica

A venus with her hand held over her genitals for modesty

Romanesque

Gothic

A westrern european style developed between the twelfth and sixteenth centuries CE, characterized in architecture by ribbed vaults, pointed arches, flying butteresses, and steep roofs.

Weighing of souls

Early Christian

Divided into two phases: Period of persecution, before Constantine's proclimation

and the Period of Recognition that followed.

Period of persecution

Christians worshiped in secret:

Catacombs: Small chambers called cubicula served as chapels. (catacomb of st peter and Marcellinus)

Lunettes, orans,

Period of recognition

public houses of christian worship were constructed. Inspired by roman Architecture, propylaeum/enterance;

coutryars/atrium; access to the basilica through the naarthex; the nave was long central isle of the church; altaar apse.transept. latin cross plan;longitudinal plan; cenmtral plans; mosaics

Church of San Vitale

(Byzantine 526-547-CE)[image]

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Hagia Sophia , Constantinople (523-537 CE)

(Modern day Istanbul,Turkey)

Cathedral of Florence

BAyeux tapestry

 Masaccio

Holy trinity,santa Maria Novella, Florence (c.1428)

fresco 21x10.5

matthias grunewald's

center panel of the isenheim alterpiece

(completed 1515)

pieter bruegel. the elder.

 the peasant wedding

(1568)

High/late renaissance

El Greco

The burial of count Orgaz (1586)

(High/late Renaissance outside Italy)

tintoretto ( Jacopo Robusti)

last supper

(1592-1594) LAte high renaissance in Venice

Baroque style

last supper

leonardo da vinci (1495 - 1498)

High renaissance

Raphel.

School of athens (1510-1511)

High renaissance

Michelangelo's

 David (1501-1504)

High renaissance

Elgreco

The burial of Count Orgaz

toledo spain (1586)

Jacopo Pontormo's

Mannerist Entombment (1525-1528)

Mannerism

doors for the baptistery of florence

 lorenzo ghiberti (1401-1402)

Sacrifice of isaac

Early Itanlian renaissance

doors for the baptistery of florence

filippo Brunelleschi (1401-1402)

Sacrifice of Isaac

Early Italian renaissance