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| dative: from (with place name), out of (location), out of/for (pity: he did something out of pity), made (out of: it was made out of wood) |
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dative: except for, besides, but, aside from, other than
Außer ihm kennen ich neimand:except him, besides him, but him.
oder
Außer ihm kennen ich viele Leute: besides, in addition to
oder
Er ist außer Atem: he is out of breathe |
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dative: at/with (in reference to someone's home), near (with locations), at (referring to a profession: at the doctor), at, for (referring to profession: er ist jetz bei der Arbeit, oder er arbeitet bei Mercedes.
by, while: Störe ich beim Essen? (Am I disturbing you while you are eating?)
with (one's person): Ich habe kein Geld bei mir.
when (with weather): Bei schlechten Wetter bleiben wir zu Hause.
by: Wie kannst du bei dem Licht lesen? |
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across from, opposite
Er saß mir gengenüber.
follows the object. |
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| with, by (means of transportation) |
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to (destinaion with place/city names), after (time expressions), according to(follows object)
Fahren Sie nach Hamburg?
oder
Ich gehe nach Hause.
oder
Es ist zehn nach fünf.
oder
Nach der Arbeit geht er nach Hause.
oder
Seinem Brief nach geht es ihm gut. (according to) |
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since (point in past time), for ( a period of time)
Wir wohnen seit dem ersten April in Freiburg. (since)
oder
Sie wohnt seit einer Woche bei uns. |
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from: Ich fahr von Stuttgart nach Köln.
off of: Das Glas fiel von dem Tisch.
by (artisically): Wir haben drei Novellen von Thomas.
of (possesive): Er ist ein Freund von mir. |
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| to (destination w/ place or city names) |
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After (time expression)
DATIVE |
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| Dative: from (with place name) |
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DATIVE
to: with places inside a town or city, Er geht zum Bahnhof.
IDIOMS:
Er ist zu Hause. (He is at home)
Wir gehen zu Fuß. (We're walking)
zum Beispiel (for example)
zum Schluß (finally, in conclusion)
at/for (with holidays/occasions): at chistmas, for christmas
at: with prices, Geben Sie mir zehn Briefmarken zu einer Mark. |
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| DATIVE: out of (location) |
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| DATIVE: out of/ for (pity or obligation) |
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| DATIVE: Made out of (wood, etc) |
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| DATIVE: except for, besides, but aside from, other than |
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| DATIVE: besides, in addition to |
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| DATIVE: out of (breath, order) |
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| DATIVE: beside (with reflexive only: beside himself) |
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| DATIVE: at with (house home) |
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| DATIVE: near (with locations) |
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| DATIVE: at: referring to business or establishment. |
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ACCUSITIVE: until (time expression)
as far as (with places)
to, until (from head to foot, top to bottom) |
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ACCUSITIVE: through: through the park
by, through: Ich lernte ihn durch Freunde kennen. I met him through friends. |
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ACCUSITIVE:
for: Ist das für mich?
for, by: Wort für Wort, Schritt für Schritt (step by step) |
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ACCUSITIVE:
against: WAS HABEN SIE GEGEN IHN?
into, up against: Er ist gegen einen Baum gefahren. He ran into a tree.
around, about, along toward (up to a certain time or number but not exceeding it): Es waren gegen hundert Leute da. |
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| ACCUSITIVE: until (time expression) |
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| ACCUSITIVE: by (w/ a definate time) |
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ACCUSITIVE:
around: Er kommt erade um die Ecke (he's coming around the corner)
Sie saßen alle um den Tisch.
with time:
Er ist um elf Uhr gekommen: He is coming around 11. |
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Dative: in 2-way prepositions, a prepositionial phrase is dative if it can answer wo.
No motion toward a destination. |
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ACCUSITIVE: wher to?
motion towards a destination, with 2 way prepositions if the phrase can be asked with wohin then it is accusitive.
Wohin geht ihr? |
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on/on top of: horizontal surfaces only (floors, chairs, etc)
in: with languages: Auf Deutsch?
on: auf dem Land sein (to be in the county) (auf einer Reise sin: to be on a trip. |
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on/on top of: horizontal surfaces only (floors, chairs, etc)
in: with languages: Auf Deutsch?
on: auf dem Land sein (to be in the county) (auf einer Reise sin: to be on a trip. |
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on, onto: vertical surfaces
Dative: at the edge of
Accus: to (up to the edge of) |
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| next to alongside of, beside |
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over, above
across, over, on the other side (accus only)
more than, over: accus only |
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under, less than
IDIOMS;
Das ist unter meiner Würde: That's benath my dignity.
unter uns gesagt: between you and me
unter dem Einfluß von: under the influence of.
unter Freunden: among friends |
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in front of (before)
IDIOMS: vor allem: above all
vor Angst: out of fear
vor Freude: for joy |
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GEN
instead of
Stt eines Anzugs kaufte ich eine Jacke und Hose.
Idiom: Stattdessen: instead of that |
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GEN
in spite of
Idiom: Trotz seiner Erkaeltung kommt er mit. In spite of his cold he's coming along. |
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| during: Während des Tages bin ich nie zu Hause. During the day I'm never home. |
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because of, on account of
Weswegen: why on what account, what for?
IDIOMS: meinetwegen, deinetwegen, seinetwgen, ihretwegen, unsertween, euretwegen, ihrtwegen, Ihretwegen: for my sake, etc. |
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