Term
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Definition
Severe spasmodic cramps in the abdomen and extremities
Following prolonged sweating and associated sodium loss
Common in individuals not accustomed to heat or those performing strenuous work in warm climates
Fever, rapid pulse, and increased blood pressure often accompany the cramps |
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Term
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Definition
Collapse as a result of prolonged high core or environmental temperatures
Prolonged vasodilation and profuse sweating
Dehydration, depressed plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, tachycardia
Manifestations
Dizziness, weakness, nausea, confusion, and syncope |
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Term
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Definition
Potentially lethal result of an overstressed thermoregulatory center
Brain cannot tolerate temperatures >40.5o C (104.9o F)
Temperature maintained by blood flow through the veins in the head and face
Cardiovascular and thermoregulatory centers may cease functioning with higher temperatures
Manifestations
Cerebral edema, degeneration of the CNS, swollen dendrites, renal tubular necrosis, and death
Rapid peripheral cooling will cause peripheral vasoconstriction and limit core cooling
Children are more susceptible
Produce more metabolic heat when exercising
Greater surface area to mass ratio
Sweating capacity is less than in adults |
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Term
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Definition
Precipitated by inhaledComplication of inherited muscular disorder
anesthetics and neuromuscular blocking agents
Increased calcium release or decreased calcium uptake with muscle contraction
Causes sustained muscle contractions
Increased oxygen consumption and lactic acid production
Symptoms include absent reflexes, fixed pupils, apnea, flat ECG |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Vasoconstriction, alterations in the microcirculation, coagulation, and ischemic tissue damage
Ice crystals, which form inside the cells, causing them to rupture and die |
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Term
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Definition
Slows the rate of cellular metabolism
Increases blood viscosity and slows blood through the microcirculation
Facilitates blood coagulation and stimulates vasoconstriction |
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Term
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Definition
| Commonly the result of sudden immersion in cold water or prolonged exposure to cold |
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Term
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Definition
Used to slow metabolism and preserve ischemic tissue during surgery or limb reimplantation
May lead to ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the eyelids |
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Term
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Definition
| Infection of the sebaceous glands of the eyelids |
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Term
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Definition
| Infection of the meibomian (oil-secreting) gland |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the conjunctiva
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis (pinkeye)
Highly contagious
Mucopurulent drainage from one or both eyes
Viral conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis
Trachoma (chlamydial conjunctivitis) |
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Term
| Alterations in visual acuity |
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Definition
Papilledema
Glaucoma
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) |
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Term
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Definition
| Papilledema is a unilateral or bilateral swelling of the optic nerve head caused by increased intracranial pressure secondary to trauma or infection, or associated with heart disease. |
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Term
| Macular Degeneration types |
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Definition
| There are two types of ARMD, dry (non-neovascular) and wet (neovascular). Geraldine has wet macular degeneration. AMD occurs when the macula begins to degenerate. The macula is located in the center of the retina and provides us with sight in the center of our field of vision. This degeneration of the macula causes blurred vision, metamorphopsia, loss of color recognition, and central scotomas. There is no known cause for the macular degeneration, but old age is definitely a risk factor. Dry MD is more common than wet MD and is characterized by a gradual onset of symptoms. Dry MD can progress into wet MD. Wet MD is the more severe because hemorrhaging occurs due to fluid leakage of blood vessel. It is described as having rapid onset of central vision loss. |
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Term
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Definition
| Retinoblastoma is a tumor that occurs in the retina. This is the light-sensitive lining of the eye. |
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Term
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Definition
an inherited form where there are often tumors in both eyes (bilateral) or sometimes only in one eye
a non-inherited form where there is a tumor in only one eye (unilateral) |
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Term
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Definition
Cochlear hair cell degeneration
Loss of auditory neurons in spiral ganglia of organ of Corti
Degeneration of basilar conductive membrane of the cochlea
Decreased vascularity of cochlea
Loss of cortical auditory neurons |
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Term
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Definition
Infection of the outer ear
Commonly caused by prolonged moisture exposure (swimmer’s ear) |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the middle ear, usually a result of infection
*the infection often spreads from the pharynx to the middle ear via the auditory tube
*commonly seen in kids |
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Term
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Definition
Electrodes are placed around each eye and on the forehead.
The electrodes record eye movements during a series of tests that stimulate the inner ear and nerves by delivering cold and warm water or air to the ear canal at different times.
Cold water should cause rapid, side-to-side eye movements away from the water and slowly back. After the cold water, warm water is placed into the ear, and the eyes should move towards the warm water then slowly away.
This patient showed a right vestibular weakness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Impaired sound conduction (ear bones fuse together—or some other mechanical issue) |
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Term
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Definition
| Impairment of the organ of Corti or its central connections |
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Term
| Proprioceptive Dysfunction |
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Definition
Vestibular nystagmus
Vertigo (dizziness)
Ménière disease |
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Term
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Definition
Affects both labyrinth components
Causes episodes of vertigo, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), & fluctuating hearing loss
"otolithic crisis of Tumarkin"
Underlying cause NOT know |
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Term
| Cranial nerve I and part of V |
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Definition
Strong relationship between taste and smell
Olfactory stimulants
Camphoraceous
Musky
Floral
Peppermint
Ethereal
Pungent
Putrid |
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Term
| Cranial nerve VII and part of IX |
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Definition
Nerves in the tongue, soft palate, uvula, pharynx, and upper esophagus
Gustatory stimulants
Sour
Sweet
Salty
Bitter |
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