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Taxonomy
Names of Verts and Inverts
35
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/19/2011

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Term
Clam Shrimp
Definition
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Branchiopoda Habitat: Inhabit freshwater bodies on all continents. Spend most of their time on the bottom of these water bodies filtering nutritious particles, and can be found burrowed in the mud. Feeding group: They are omnivores, meaning they eat both plants and animals. Specifically, they eat Algae,detritus, Bacteria, Protozoa and Rotifers. They are also filter feeders Pollution tolerance: contamination from pesticides or toxic substances have the potential to threaten this species.
Term
Spirogyra
Definition

Kingdom: Protista 

Phylum: Charophyta

Habitat: Freshwater areas (commonly found on the surface)

General feeding group: makes it's own food by carrying out photosythesis

Pollution tolerance:  Very tolerent to pollution

Term
Didinium 
Definition

Kingdom: Protista

Phylum: Ciliophora

Habitat: fresh water

General feeding group: primarily paramecium but also other protists

Pollution tolerance: tolerant

Term
Daphnia
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Habitat: acidic swamps to freshwater lakes, ponds, streams and rivers

General feeding group: mostly algae but also bacteria, fungi, phytoplankton and decaying organic material (mostly feed on particles floating in water)

Pollution tolerance: very sensitive to ionic composition of their environment, become immobile and eventually die in the presence of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium 

Term

Paramecium aurelia


Definition

Kingdom: Protista

Phylum: Ciliophora

Habitat: Freshwater environments, usually in stagnant, warm water

General feeding group:  feeds on microorganisms like bacteria, algae, and yeasts, mainly the bacteria on decaying plant matter

Pollution tolerance: Rather tolerant, though high amounts will kill them.

Term
Rootifers
Definition

ingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Rotifera

Habitat: Freshwater environments, such as lake bottoms, as well as flowing water environments, such as rivers or streams. also lives in mosses, liverworts, lichens, zooplankton, soil, films of water on rocks, psammon, temporary waters

General feeding group: partuculate organis detritus, dead bacteria, algae, and protozoans. most commonly consists of dead or decomposing organic materials, as well as unicellular algae and other phytoplankton that are primary producers in aquatic communities

Pollution tolerance: tolerant to pesticides. generally wide range of tolerance to pollutants since rotifers are used in pollution monitoring in waters

Term
Bosmina
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Habitat: Lakes, ponds, and oceans

General feeding group: Filter feeders. consume algae and protozoans.

Pollution tolerance: Tolerant to pollution

Term
Cyclops
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Habitat: freshwater; plant-covered banks

General feeding group: small fragments of plant material, such as algae, and animals or carrion

Pollution tolerance: 

More tolerant of low oxygen than water fleas

 

 

 

 

Term
Diatoms
Definition

Kingdom: Chromalveolata

Phylum: Heterokontophyta

Habitat: Ocean, freshwater, soil. Most live in open water, and some live as surface films at the water-sediment interface.

General feeding group: Some photosynthesize while others are hetertrophic.

Pollution tolerance: Pollution tolerant

Term
Freshwater Shrimp
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class:Malacostraca

Order: Amphipod

Habitat: Tend to hide among the weeds and under rocks or debris when not traveling or mating. They can be found at most depths of the lake but are most common in water less than 35 feet deep.

 

Feeding group: Savengers and feed on plant and animal material that have settled to the bottom. On occasion they are predacious and attack other injured or stressed aquatics.

Pollution tolerance: Lakes with Lily Pads tend to be more acidic and usually have lower populations of shrimp. Prefer clean water but can tolerate some mild sewage/slurry pollution.

Term
Asian Clam
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia

Order: Veneroida

General Habitat: Usually found in streams and lakes. It is not a native species to the wetlands but is instead a tranplanted species from Asia as its name implies.

General Food Habit: They are filter feeders. They feed on microscopic plankton and organic debris

Pollution Tolerance: Asian clams are moderately tolerant of pollution. They inhabit regions of similar pollution levels for crayfish and freshwater shrimp.

Term
Ramshorn Snail
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Order: Basommatophora

Habitat: Prefer slow moving rivers or dormant water marshes.

Feeding group: Algae eaters

Pollution tolerance: Pollution tolerant

Term
Midge Larvae
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Diptera

Habitat: found in polluted aquatic areas  with slow moving water 

Feeding group: They filter feed on Daphnia and Cyclops

Pollution tolerance: very tolerant 

Term
Beetle Larvae
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Coleoptera known as Grub

Habitat: Slow moving waters (pond, streams)

Feeding group: can be herbivores (chewers or piercers), scavengers (gathering collectors), or voracious predators (engulfers or piercers)

Pollution tolerance: Most larval and adult beetles are tolerant of wide changes in pH and dissolved oxygen concentration. Few beetles are recognized as indicator organisms of environmental health 


 

Term
Predaceous Diving Beetle
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Coleoptera

Habitat: any aquatic enviornment 

Feeding group: range from other small insects to relatively large fish

Pollution tolerance: tolerant 

Term
Predaceous Diving Beetle Larvae
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Coleoptera

General habitat: diver, swimmer (prefer shallow vegetated areas of swamps, marshes, bogs, and ponds)

General feeding group: Predators (engulf whole animals or pierce into the animals and suck out fluids)

Pollution tolerance: Moderately tolerant


Term
Mayfly Larvae
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Ephemeroptera

General Habitat: All larvae are aquatic. Majority live in streams, some live in lakes and ponds.

Feeding group: Most are herbivores (feed on plants material) or detritivores (feed on organic matter, leaf litter)

Pollution tolorance: They have a wide range of pollution tolorance, but are mostly associated with good quality water.

Term
Leech
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Annelida

Class: Hirudinea

Order: Rhynchobdellida (Jawless leeches) and Arhychobdellida (have proboscis)

General Habitat: Found mostly in fresh water

General Eatng Habit: Leeches are predators and they usually feed on snails, insect larvae, crustaceans and worms

Pollution Tolerance : Leeches are very tollerant of pollution. A large number of them are usually considered to inhabit water bodies with poor water quality.

Other information: Leeches usually have the inchworm like motion. Most of them are hermaphrodites, while some are hematophagous (animals that feed on blood).

Term
Crayfish
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropda

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decapoda

Family: Cambaridae

General Habitat: Crayfish is usually found in wet areas, muddy ponds and ditches and slow moving areas of streams and rivers.

General Food Habit: They are Omnivorous scavengers and predators although some do eat vegetation

Pollution Tolerance: Crayfish is moderately tolerant of pollution and is rarely found in polluted water bod

Term
Grass/Glass Shrimp
Definition

Scientific Name: Palaemonetes paludosus

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decapoda

Habitat: common in marshes and tidal creeks; can tolerate a wide range of temperatures

Feeding group: Detrivores

Pollution tolerance: 

Grass shrimp living in marshes are more tolerant of high salinity water and less tolerant of low salinity water. They are tolerant of pollution.  

Term
Mosquito Larvae
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Diptera

General feeding group: Nectar feeders, but also drink blood from many mammals (Females don’t need blood for their own survival, but need protein/iron to develop eggs)

General habitat: swimmer, planktonic (Occur in a variety of places, such as pools, ponds, lakes, swamps, or any object or container holding water; not found in areas with current or wave action)

Pollution tolerance: tolerant; indicator of poor water quality and low DO

Term
Water Boatman
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Hemiptera

Habitat: Oftern siwm in open water. Can be seen swimming in clusters through a pond.

Feeding group: Herbivores, feed on plant material, incluing algae

Pollution tolerance: pollution tolerant 

Term
Water Strider
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Hemiptera

Feeding group: Predator - Feed on small insects that fall on water surface or aquatic insects living just beneath the surface

General habitat: Skater - live on surface of water

Pollution tolerance: Pollution tolerant

Term
Crawling Water Beetle Larvae
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Coleoptera

Habitat: Larvae and adults are both aquatic.  Prefer standing water such as large ponds that have no shade and plentiful algae

Feeding group: Diet consists of chironomid eggs, oligochaet worms, small crustaceans, hydrozoans, algae, characeans and probably seed-plants.

Pollution tolerance: Medium to Mid-Quality pollution tolerance.

Term
Dragonfly Nymph
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Odonata

General Feeding Group: They are predators and mosquitoes make up a large part of the diet

General Habitat: Ponds, lakes and streams; although majority are found in ponds

Pollution Tolerance : These organisms have variable pollution tolerance levels although majority are found in water bodies with lower DO levels.

Miscellenous Information: Two other sub-orders of dragonfly are the zygoptera and anisoptera

Term
Damselfly Nymph
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Odonata

Habitat: Mostly aquatic areas, ponds, streams etc. Others may live a distance form water; grass, woods. 

Feeding group: Smaller invertbrates

Pollution tolerance: Pollution tolerant

Term
Water Mite
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Orthropoda

Class: Arachnida

Order: Acarina

Habitat: There are many different kinds but most like shallow waters with plants to hide in. Can be found in soil and some plants. Live in ponds, lakes and marshes. 

Feeding group: Feed by sucking bod fluids from prey

Pollution tolerance: tolerant 

Term
Pouch Snail
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Order: Pulmonata

Habitat: lives in ponds, pools, and marshes where oxygen is relatively low. 

Feeding group: Algae and other aquatic plants

Pollution tolerance: found in low running polluted rivers.

Term
Fairy Shrimp
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Branchiopoda

Order: Anostraca

Habitat: vernal pools, potholes, and other ephemeral pools

Feeding group: Omnivores

Pollution tolerance:   Toxics and human pollution affect the species.

Term
Springtails
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Entognatha

SubClass: Collembola

Orders:

  • Entomobryomorpha
  • Poduromorpha
  • Symphypleona
  • Neelipleona


Habitat:  They occur in nearly every climatic condition throughout the world--in high mountain regions, pools, streams, snow-covered fields, forest floors, etc. They live in the soil, leaf mold, decaying logs, organic mulches, termite nests, snow, greenhouses, mushroom cellars, and on the surface of freshwater pools and under bark

Feeding group: (primarily detritivores and microbivores)Most feed on algae, fungi, and decaying vegetable matter. Others feed on plant roots or nibble on young plant leaves and germinating seeds in hotbeds

Pollution tolerance:  They are sensitive to soil pollution. Too high/low of soil acidity can hurt them.

Term
Water Spider
Definition

Scientific Name: Argyoneta

Kingdom:  Animalia

Phylum: Antropoda

Class: Arachnida

Order: Araneae

Habitat: Inhabits ponds, slow-moving streams, ditches, and shallow lakes where there is plenty of aquatic vegetation

Feeding group:  Small fish, tadpoles and aquatic insects.

Pollution tolerance: 

General Characteristics: Builds its web in among reeds and other aquatic vegetation, often over the water surface.

Aquatic spiders catch their prey by running across the water surface.

Term
Blue Gill
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Family: Centrarchidae

Binomial name: Lepomis macrochirus

Trophic group: Invertivore

Habitats: Pools, Shorelines with aquatic vegetation

Pollution tolerance: Tolerant

Term
Orange Spotted Sunfish
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Family: Centrarchidae

Binomial name: Lepomis huimilis

Trophic group: Invertivore

Habitat: Pools, Shorelines with aquatic vegetation

Pollution tolerance: Tolerant

Term
Minnow
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Family: Cyprinidae

Binomial name: Pimephales promelas

Trophic group: Invertivore

Habitat: can be found in muddy ponds and streams that might otherwise be inhospitable to other species of fish. It can also be found in small rivers, and shorelines with aquatic vegetation

Pollution tolerance: Tolerant

Term
Northern Cricket Frog
Definition

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Amphibia

Order: Anura

Family: Hylidae

Species: acris crepitans

It is named for its breeding call which sounds like the chirp of a cricket.

Habitat: edges of slow moving water like ponds and swamps with submerged vegetation

General feeding group: invertivore

Pollution tolerance: Sensitive to pollution as an egg otherwise tolerant

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