Term
| Fast Cruise Configuration |
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Definition
240 KIAS / Clean
Power: ~80% |
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Term
| Normal Cruise Configuration |
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Definition
200 KIAS / Clean
Power: ~54% |
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Term
| Slow Cruise Configuration |
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Definition
150 KIAS / Clean
Power: ~33% |
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Term
| Normal Climb Configuration |
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Definition
180 KIAS / Clean
MAX Power = 100%
8 Degrees Nose up |
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Term
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Definition
200 KIAS / Clean
Power: 20%
5 Degrees Nose down |
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Term
Downwind Configuration, or
No-Flap Approach Configuration |
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Definition
120 KIAS
Gear Down
Flaps Up
Power: ~31% |
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Term
Takeoff Flap Approach
Configuration |
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Definition
115 KIAS
Gear Down
Flaps T/O
Power: ~34% |
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Term
| Landing Flap Approach Configuration |
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Definition
110 KIAS
Gear Down
Flaps LDG
Power: ~50% |
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Term
| From the "Line Up," describe how to Take Off |
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Definition
Line up Checklist
Align to runway centerline
Winds are LEFT/RIGHT/CALM to LEFT/RIGHT
PCL - 30%
Engine Instruments - Check (Both)
Select Reference Point
Elevator - Slightly Aft of Neutral
Compensate for Crosswinds and Torque
Release Brakes, Heels on Deck
Slowly Advance PCL to MAX
Anticipate Right Rudder
60 KIAS - 100% Torque
85 KIAS - Rotate
2 Positive Rates - Gear
Above 110 KIAS - Flaps
Gear Up Flaps Up |
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Term
Basic Transitions
General Procedure |
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Definition
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Term
Cruise to Climb
Transition Procedure |
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Definition
Power - Max
Attitude - 12-15 Degrees Nose Up
Trim - As required
Airspeed - 180 KIAS/8 Nose Up |
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Term
Climb to Cruise
Transition Procedure |
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Definition
200 Prior to Level Off - Lower Nose Level
Trim for Acceleration
Within 5 KIAS of 200 - PAT
Power - Smoothly reduce to 54%/80%
Attitude - Level Flight Picture
Trim - As required
Note
Climbs greater than 1000' require clearing turns! |
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Term
Cruise to Descent
Transition Procedure |
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Definition
Power - Smoothly Reduce to 20%
Attitude - lower nose to ~5 degrees low
Trim - For power reduction
Clearing Turns - If appropriate |
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Term
Descent to Cruise
Transition Procedure |
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Definition
Pass 100' prior to level off
Power - advance to ~54%/~80%
Attitude - raise nose to level flight picture
Trim - for power addition |
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Term
Turn Pattern
Configuration |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Establish aircraft straight and level on any numbered heading, base altitude and cruise setting.
Clear the area
Two 30 AOB turns through 90 degrees, transition using 1/3 rule.
Clear the area.
Two 45 AOB turns through 180 degrees, transition using the 1/3 rule.
Clear the area.
Two 60 AOB turns through 360 degrees, transition using 1/3 rules.
Nose forward when leveling. |
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Term
Level Speed Change
Configuration |
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Definition
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Term
Level Speed Change
Procedures (unfinished) |
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Definition
1.Normal Cruise to Downwind Configuration
Establish Normal Cruise on any numbered heading
Power: Idle
Trim for deceleration
Below 150 KIAS, lower gear
Before Landing Checklist (hold flaps)
Approaching 120 KIAS, Power: ~31%
Maintain 120 KIAS
Stabilize
Trim
(Potential shallow turns)
2.Downwind Configuration to Landing Configuration
Lower Landing Flaps
Approaching 110 KIAS, advance Power: ~50%
Stabilize
Trim
Finish Before Landing Checklist
3.Recover to Normal Cruise
Power: Max
Below 150 KIAS, Gear Up, Flaps Up
Trim for acceleration
Accelerate to Normal Cruise
Approaching 200 KIAS, Power: ~54%
Trim
Stabilize |
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Term
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Definition
3 C's
SCATSAFE
Straight and Level
-same sight picture as takeoff and landing
Coordination Exercise
-left and right turns using 15-20 AOB
-coordinate turns
-right rudder for left turns,straight and level, and right turns (1/2", 2", 4")
Adverse Yaw
-select 2 points, one ahead and one 20 degrees to the right without coordinating turn rapidly 20 AOB, initial left turn then once you reach second point turn left to return to first point. Notice difficulty. Now do the same coordinated and notice increase in turn performance.
Torque and Turns
-quickly increase power to MAX from straight and level coordinated slow flight and release the controls. Nose tracks up and rolls left and approaches stall. Recover from buffet. Reestablish slow flight and increase power to MAX again. Apply proper takeoff pitch, coordinate and maintain nose track.
Steep Turns
-slowly increase to 60 AOB, add power and backstick to maintain alt. Look at a point on the ground and pivot about it and notive AOB quickly increase approaching stall. Roll out to recover.
Abrupt Control Movement
-abruptly apply backstick pressure to simulate immediate flare (20 deg nose up). AOA rises quickly approaching stall. Simulates fixating on landing point. Release backstick pressure to recover.
Flap Retraction
-from straight and level and coordinated raise flaps from LND to UP increasing pitch attitude to maintain alt. AOA increases and approaches stall. Recover by lowering LDG flaps.
Effectiveness of Controls
-make small rapid control movement and notice little effect on heading or bank during slow flight. Smooth posive inputs are required to effectively control a/c. |
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Term
Power On Stalls
Configuration |
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Definition
Slow Cruise Configuration
Clean
Complete above 6000' |
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Term
Power On Stall
Procedures
(also turning stall) |
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Definition
PCL 30-60
Raise nose 15-40 degrees nose up
Maintain attitude with backstick
Keep wings level with coordinated rudder and aileron
Initiate recovery when control effectiveness is lost.
(uncommanded nose drop or uncommanded roll)
Recover: Relax, Max, Level, Ball
(add 20-30 AOB repeat above process) |
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Term
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Definition
Torque - 4-6%
Best Glide of 125 KIAS
Sink rate - 1100 to 1300 fpm |
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Term
| ELP Stalls - Glide to High Key |
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Definition
3 C's (slow)
Level wings
Power: 4-6%
Pitch for 125 KIAS
Raise Pitch 10 Degrees Nose Up
Reduce speed below 120 KIAS (gear horn)
Recover by lowering the pitch attitude and reestablish glide at 125 KIAS |
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Term
| ELP Stalls - Glide between High and Low Key |
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Definition
Downwind Configuration
Power: 4-6%
Establish glide at 120 KIAS
Roll 30 AOB in direction of last clearing turn.
Trim
Raise nose and allow airspeed to decay until first approach to stall indication (stick shaker).
Maintain turn/ground track and recover by putting the prop arc on the horizon until 120 KIAS is regained. |
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Term
| ELP Stalls - Glide between Low Key and the Runway |
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Definition
Downwind Configuration
Power: 4-6%
Flaps - T/O
30 Degrees AOB
Trim
Raise nose allowing airspeed to decay until first approach to stall indication (stick shaker).
Maintain turn/ground track and lower prop arc to horizon until 120 KIAS regained. |
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Term
Landing Pattern (approach turn) Stalls
Overshooting |
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Definition
3 C's (downwind)
Initiate normal pattern transition by reducing power and lowering flaps to desired configuration.
Initiate Final Turn (30 AOB)
After turn is established: Power - IDLE
Steadily Increase Bank
Increase Back Stick Pressure
DO NOT RAISE NOSE
Recover on first approach to stall indication
Relax Max Level Ball |
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Term
Landing Pattern (approach turn) Stalls
Undershooting |
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Definition
3 C's (downwind)
Initiate normal pattern transition by reducing power and lowering flaps to desired configuration.
Initiate a turn to final (30 AOB)
After turn is established: Power - IDLE
Raise nose slightly
Shallow out bank
Recover on first approach to stall indication.
Relax Max Level Ball |
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Term
Landing Pattern (approach turn) Stalls
Landing Attitude |
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Definition
3 C's (simulated final approach at 5-10 kts above final approach airspeed with desired flap setting)
Power: IDLE
Execute simulated landing transition.
Hold landing attitude until first approach to stall indication.
Relax Max Level Ball |
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Term
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Definition
Establish and trim SLOW CRUISE
Above 10000 MSL and below Flight Level 220 |
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Term
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Definition
3 C's (slow)
Roll out of clearing turn
Power: IDLE
Wings level
Raise nose to 30 degrees up
Silence Warning Horn
At Stick Shaker, lead stall with slight rudder in desired direction of spin.
After stall, full rudder in direction of spin
Full back stick |
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Term
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Definition
Pitch aprox. 60 degrees nose low
After aprox 3 turns - near steady state
AOA: 18+
Airspeed: Stabilized at 120-135 KIAS
Turn Needle: Fully deflected in the direction of spin.
Altitude loss of 400 to 500 ft/turn |
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Term
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Definition
Initiate inadvertent departure from controlled flight.
PCL - IDLE
CONTROLS - NEUTRAL
ALTITUDE - CHECK
Recover from unusual attitude
OR
Rudder - full and opposite direction of rotation
Smooth positive forward stick (forward of neutral)
AFTER
Check/Report Oil Pressure (90psi minimum)
Add power as required |
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