Term
| What are the components of homeostatic regulation |
|
Definition
1.) Sensor
2.) Afferent Pathways
3.) Integration Center
4.) Efferent Pathways
5.) Effector Organs |
|
|
Term
| Glucose Blood Regulation System (insulin) |
|
Definition
| If blood glucose is raised, the insulin secreting cells this stimulus causes them to release insulin into the blood. The insulin causes body cells to take up glucose and causes the liver to store glucose as glycogen. This causes insulin to stop being released once the blood glucose has reached a normal level (90 mg/100 mL). |
|
|
Term
| Glucose Blood Regulation System (Low Blood Sugar) |
|
Definition
| Low Blood Sugar detected by glucagon releasing cells in pancrease. These cells produce glucagon which target the liver. The liver breaks down its glycogen stores and puts glucose into the blood. Stimulus for glucagon disappears. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.) Break in blood vessel wall
2.)Clotting occurs as platelets ashere to site and release chemicals
3.)Released chemicals attract more platelets
4.)Clotting proceeds until break is sealed by newly formed clot |
|
|
Term
| What Happens if Homeostasis can't be re-established? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Difference in Complexity of Nervous System and Endocrine System |
|
Definition
| The nervous system is more structurally complex than the endocrine system. It can integrate a vast amount of information and simultaneously respond to it. The endocrine system is less complex and seems to have evolved to aid the nervous system. |
|
|
Term
| Difference in Structure of Nervous System and Endocrine System |
|
Definition
| The nervous system has neurons that are physically present throughout the body in comparison to the endocrine system which has glands that use chemicals to reach the rest of the body |
|
|
Term
| Difference in Communication of Nervous System and Endocrine System |
|
Definition
| Nervous system uses a combinations of electrical signals and hormones to send signals, whereas the endocrine system just uses chemicals and only target cells respond |
|
|
Term
| Difference in Response timeof the Nervous System and Endocrine System |
|
Definition
| Nervous system can respond in milliseconds vs endocrine which can take minutes hours or days |
|
|
Term
| Difference in Effect of the Nervous System and Endocrine System |
|
Definition
| The nervous system and endocrine system function at the cellular level. Nervous is immediate and short lived whereas endocrine takes a long time and is long lived |
|
|
Term
| What unexpected task does the respiratory accomplish |
|
Definition
| pH concentration through the regulation of bicarbonate (formed by aqueous CO2) |
|
|
Term
| What responses did Selye see to prolonged stress |
|
Definition
- Enlargment of adrenal cortex
- Shrinking/Atrophy of thymus, spleen, lymphatic structures
- bleeding stomach and duodenum ulcers |
|
|
Term
| General Adaptation Syndrome |
|
Definition
-Alarm Reaction
-Resistance and Adaptation
-Exhaustion and Collapse
(think of exercise) |
|
|
Term
| What happens during the Alarm Stage |
|
Definition
| Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Sweating increase. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucocorticoids all increase. Then energy resources are mobilized. The blood flow to extremities and visceral organs decreases. Over 50 hormone levels actually fluctuate. |
|
|
Term
| Resistance and Adaptation |
|
Definition
| homeostasis established at a new level. Body becomes more reactive towards level shifts, organism stabilizes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If stress occurs for long time, the organism becomes physically exhausted. The organs can become dysfunctional. In extreme cases death can occur. CHD/CVD, hypertension, ulcers and immune system disorders are likely to occur. Mental health will degrade, muscular health can degrade, and disease will increase. |
|
|
Term
| Major Regulators of Stress |
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus, hippocampus, medulla oblongata and amygdala along with adrenal glands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glycogen broken down to raise blood glucose. Increase BP, metabolic rate,breathing rate, change in blood flow patterns that will lead to more alertness and decreased digestion/kidney activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mineralocorticoids are released. These cause retention of sodium/water in kidneys and increase the blood pressure and blood volume.
Also glucocorticoids are released which break down proteins and fats into glucose... possible suppression of immune system |
|
|
