Term
| multimodal association areas |
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Definition
-receive inputs from multiple sensory areas
-send outputs to multiple areas including the premotor cortex
-allow us to give meaning to information received. store it as memory, compare it to previous experience and decide on action to take |
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Term
| multimodal association areas |
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Definition
-anterior association area (prefrontal cortex)
-posterior association area
-limbic association area |
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Term
| anterior association area (prefrontal cortex) |
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Definition
-most complicated cortical region
-involved with intellect, cognition, recall, and personality (role in AD?)
-contains working memory needed for judgement, reasoning, persistence, conscience
-development depends on feedback from social environment |
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Term
| posterior association area |
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Definition
-large region in temporal,parietal, and occipital lobes
-plays a role in recognizing patterns and faces and localizing us in space
-involved in understanding written and spoken language (wernicke's area) |
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Term
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Definition
-basal nuclei
-Broca and Wernicke's (in the association cortex on the left side)
-analyzes incoming word sounds
-produces outgoing word sounds and grammatical structures
-corresponding areas on the right side are involved with nonverbal language components |
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Term
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Definition
-part of the limbic system
-includes cingulate gyrus, parahippocampul gyrus, hippocampus
-provides emotional impact that helps establish memories |
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Term
| lateralization of cortical function |
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Definition
-division of labor between hemispheres
-cerebral dominance
-designates the hemisphere dominant for language (left in 90% of most ppl) |
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Term
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Definition
| -controls language, math, logic |
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Term
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Definition
| insight, visual-spatial skills, intuition, artistic skills |
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Term
| left and right side communicate via |
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Definition
| -fiber tracts in the cerebral white matter |
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Term
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Definition
-myelinated fibers
-communication
-controls the signals that neurons share
-coordinates how well brain regions work together |
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Term
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Definition
-actually brownish grey color
-neuronal cell bodies
-processing
-does the brain's thinking and calculating |
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Term
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Definition
-subcortical nuclei (clusters of neurons with similar functions)
-*caudate nucleus (corpus stratium)
-putamen (corpus stratium)
-*globus pallidus (corpus stratium)
-functionally associated with subthalmic nuclei and substantia nigra |
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Term
| functions of basal ganglia (nuclei) |
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Definition
-thought to be involved in:
-muscular control
-attention and cognition
video
-regulate intensity of slow repetitive movements
-inhibit antagonist or unnecessary movements |
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Term
| important when we consider parkinson's and huntingtons |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-thalmus
-hypothalmus
-epithalmus
-encloses the 3rd ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
-relay center
-80% of diencephalon
-superolateral walls of 3rd ventricle
-contains several nuclei, named for their location
-nuclei project and receive fibers from the cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
-"gateway" to the cerebral cortex
-sorts, edits, relays information
-impulses from hypothalamus for regulation of emotion and visceral function
-implulses from cerebellum and basal ganglia to help direct motor cortices
-mediates sensation, motor activities, cortical arousal, learning and memory |
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Term
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Definition
-forms inferolateral walls of the 3rd ventricle
-contains many nuclei
-infundibulum-stalk that connects it to pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
-autonomic control of visceral functions
-BP, rate and force of heartbeat, GI motility
-center for emotional response-involved in perception of pleasure, fear, rage, biological rhythms, and drives |
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Term
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Definition
-body temp
-food intake
-water balance
-thirst
-sleep and sleep cycle
-release of hormones by anterior pituitary
-production of ADH and oxytocin |
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Term
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Definition
-most dorsal portion of diencephalon
-forms roof of 3rd ventricle
-pineal gland-extends from the posterior border and secretes melatonin (sleep wake cycles) |
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Term
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Definition
-midbrain
-pons
-medulla oblongata |
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Term
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Definition
-similar to spinal cord but contains embedded nuclei
-controls automatic behaviors necessary for survival
-contains fiber tracts connecting higher and lower neural centers
-associated with 10 of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves |
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Term
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Definition
-between diencephalon and pons
-cerebral peduncles-contain pyramidal motor tracts
-cerebral aqueduct-contain CSF,channel between 3rd and 4th ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
-periaqueductal grey
-substantia nigra
-corpora quadrigemina
-red nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-functionally linked to basal nuclei
-Parkinson's Disease |
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Term
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Definition
| -auditory and visual reflex centers |
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Term
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Definition
-relay for some descending motor pathways
-part of reticular formation |
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Term
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Definition
-froms part of the anterior wall of the 4th ventricle
-fibers connect higher brain centers and spinal cord
-fibers relay impulses btw motor cortex and the cerebellum
-some nuclei of the reticular formation help main tain breathing rhythm and coordinate with medulla |
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Term
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Definition
-joins spinal cord at foramen magnum
-pyramids (corticospinal tracts from motor cortex)
-prior to tracts descending to spinal cord, they cross over in the medulla (control opposite sides of body) |
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Term
| *medulla oblongata function |
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Definition
-autonomic reflex center
-cardiovascular center (force, rate, of contraction, vessel diameter for BP reg)
-respiratory center (resp rhythm, rate, depth of breathing with pons) |
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Term
| medulla oblongata also regulate |
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Definition
-vomiting
-hiccuping
-swallowing
-coughing
-sneezing
-equilibrium
(many functions parallel hypothalmus) |
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Term
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Definition
-11% total brain mass
-dorsal to the pons and medulla
-receives imput from the motor cortex, brain stem, sensory receptors
-subconscious function
-provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction
-allows for smooth coordinated movements |
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Term
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Definition
-2 hemispheres with 3
-white and grey matter
-purkinje cells-only cortical neurons that synapse in cerebellum
-arbor vitae-treelike pattern of the white matter |
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Term
| cerebellar processing-motor activity |
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Definition
-all fibers in the cerebellum are ipsilateral (same side)
-receives impulses from cerebral cortex to initiate voluntary muscle contraction
-signals from proprioceptors,visual pathways, equilibrium pathways
-inform the cerebellum of the bodys position and movement
-a blueprint of coordinated movement is sent to the cerebral motor cortex and to brain stem nuclei |
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Term
| cerebellum:cognitive function |
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Definition
-recognizes and predicts sequences of events during complex movements
-plays a role in nonmotor functions such as word association and puzzle solving |
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