Term
General Functions of Vascular System |
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Definition
1. Carry O2, Metabolites, Waste 2. Recitification of Pulsatile Flow 3. Communication System for Endocrine Hormones 4. First defense against disease. Inflammation 5. Control and conservation of heat |
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Term
| General Organization of Blood Vessels |
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Definition
Tunica Intima Tunica Media Tunica Adventitia |
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Term
Components and Characteristics of Tunica Intima 1. Epithelia Type 2. Orientation of cells 3. Connective Tissue? |
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Definition
1. Endothelium (Simple Squamous Epithelium) 2. Longitudinally Oriented 3. Small amount of connective tissue |
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Term
Characteristics of Tunica Media 1. Composition 2. Orientation |
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Definition
1. Smooth Muscle, Connective Tissue, Fenestrated Elastic Sheets 2. Circularly Oriented |
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Term
Characteristics of Tunica Adventitia 1. Composition 2. ______ Vasorum |
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Definition
1. Connective Tissue, Larger blood vessels contain nerves and nurtient vessels with branches to tunica media 2. Vaso Vasorum; Nervi Vasorum |
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Term
| Which type of vessel is characterized by a larger Tunica Media? |
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Definition
| Artery. The larger tunica media is used to assist in compensating for larger arterial pressures. |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of arteries? |
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Definition
1. Large, Elastic, or Conducting Arteries (eg. aorta and largest branches) 2. Medium, muscular or distributing arteries 3. Arterioles |
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Term
What is the Internal Elastic Membrane and where is it located in relation to the layers of the blood vessels? |
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Definition
| IEM is a elastic sheet that sits between the Tunica Intima and Tunica Media |
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Term
| What is the External Elastic Membrane and where is it located? |
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Definition
| Located at the junction of the media and adventitia is the band of discontinuous elastic tissue called the EEM |
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Term
| Describe the transition from elastic arteries to muscular arteries. |
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Definition
| Transition involves a gradual change in two parameters: 1) Diameter of the artery becomes smaller 2) Elastic fibers of the media are gradually replaced by smooth muscle |
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Term
True or False? Arterioles contain both IEM and EEM. |
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Definition
| False. Arterioles only contain the IEM. The EEM is absent. |
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Term
| What is considered the end point for the arterial system? |
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Definition
| Arterioles. The breakpoint is somewhat arbitrary since the transition between them is very gradual. |
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Term
1. What is atherosclerosis? 2. What is arteriosclerosis? |
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Definition
1. Fibrous fatty plaque that is deposited within the walls of the Tunica Intima. 2. Hardening and thinning caused by a deposition in the Intima and Media. |
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Term
| How does the tunica media of veins compare to arteries? |
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Definition
| The tunica media in veins is much thinner than in arteries. |
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Term
| What do large veins have as a characteristic of their Tunica Intima? |
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Definition
Bundles of Longitudinal oriented smooth muscle. (This will be on the practical?) |
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Term
Venules are composed mainly of: A. Intima B. Connective Tissue C. Adventitia D. A mix of Intima and Media |
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Definition
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Term
| The immediate post-capillary venule is characterized by the presence of what? |
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Definition
| Pericytes - have a mesodermal origin; long cytoplasmic processes; contain actin, myosin and tropomyosin suggesting and contractile function |
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Term
| What are the three types of capillaries? Where are they found? |
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Definition
1. Continuous - Have a continuous basal lamina (muscle) 2. Fenestrated - Have a continuous basal lamina with pores (kidney, endocrine) 3. Discontinuous - have a discontinuous basal lamina and are not joined continuously. (liver) |
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Term
What is the role of the Lymphatic System? |
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Definition
1. Permits circulation of interstitial fluid 2. Collect fluid and proteins and other materials (bacteria, foreign materials) from the connective tissue and return it to the blood flow after passing through the lymph nodes |
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Term
What occurs in the Lymph nodes? |
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Definition
1. Foreign materials are removed by macrophages 2. Antigens are presented to the anti-body producing cells |
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Term
What are the layers of the Heart from interior to exterior? |
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Definition
Interior - Endocardium Middle - Myocardium Exterior - Epicardium |
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Term
What type of epithelia is the Endocardium comprised of? |
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Definition
| Simple Squamous Epithelium |
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Term
| What is the major role of the Myocardium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Epicardium comprised of? |
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Definition
| Epicardium is comprised of loose connective tissue with coronary vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. |
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Term
| What is the subendocardial layer? |
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Definition
| Between the myocardium and endocardium. Contains a layer with blood vessels, nerves, and branches of impulse conducting systems. |
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Term
| What establishes the pace of firing in the heart? |
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Definition
| All myocytes have a natural rythmicity but the cells with the highest rate of firing, establish the pace of the rest of the heart. This is normally done by the Sinoatrial Node (SA Node). |
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Term
| What is the role of the Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His)? |
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Definition
| Sends the nerve impulse to both ventricle branches. |
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Term
| What are the Purkinje Fibers? |
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Definition
| These are the terminal portions of the inpulse conduction system that is composed of specialized cardiac cells that carry the impulse to the cardiac myocytes. |
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Term
| Where is the autonomic plexus in the heart? |
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Definition
| At the base. (Both parasympathetic and sympathetic) |
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Term
| What is the cardiac skeleton? |
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Definition
1. The central supporting structure of the heart 2. Where muscle fibers are attached 3. Where valves are connected 4. Composed of dense connective tissue, with regions containing nodules of fibrocartilage. |
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Term
| What are the 3 structural components of the cardiac skeleton? |
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Definition
1. Septum Membranaceum 2. Trigona Fibrosa 3. Annuli Fibrosi |
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Term
| Which structural component of the cardiac skeleton are the valves attached to? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the role of the Chordae Tendineae and what are they made of? |
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Definition
| Prevent the Atrioventricular valves from prolapsing into the atrial chamber during ventricular contraction. Composed of cords of collagen that extend from the free edge of the atrioventricular valves to muscular projections from the walls of the ventricles, called papillary muscle. |
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