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Details Title: systematics Families Description: Solanales Total Flash Cards: 12 Created: 10/12/2005 16:16:22	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term CORE ASTERIDS (Euasterids) Flowers: Stamens: Ovary: Dominant flower type: Definition Flowers 4- or 5- merous w/ sympetalous corollas, zygomorphic// Stamens equal to no. of corolla lobes or fewer, epipetalous// compound ovary (mostly 2 carpels) LACKING a seperate hypanthium, but nectar bearing disk often present// head inflorescence is dominant. MOST ADVANCED GROUP Term Solanales: 7 families, 7400spp. closely related to Lamiales & Gentiales Features: Definition Major Families: Solanaceae/Convolvulaceae (internal phloem) // Boraginaceae-Hydrophyllaceae (helicoid cymes)// Features: Flowers with radial/plicate (plaited or folded) corolla, alt. simple exstipulate leaves, flowers w/ stamens equal to # of petals, lack of iridoids Term Solanaceae 147 Genera 4930 spp. Diagnostic features: Definition Diverse habit (trees, herbs, shrubs, vines) Internal phloem, lvs alternate, often in pairs (on same side of stem), no stipules Term Solanaceae: Flowers: Petals, stamen, carpels, fruit Definition Corolla - rotate, funnelform, tubular, salverform, sometimes campanulate STAMENS epipetalous, often connivent (convergent but not fused), equal to or less than number of corolla lobes GYNOECIUM: G2:2:many, axile placentation, often 1 or 2 lobed, FRUIT a capsule or berry, often with persistent calyx. Term SOLANACEAE economic uses: Definition Lycopersicon esculentum - TOMATO Solanum tuberosum - POTATO Solanum melongena - EGGPLANTS Capsicum spp. - PEPPERS Physalis philadelphica - TOMATILLO (used in mexican cooking) Nicotiana Tabaccum - TOBACCO Datura - jimsonweed // belladonna, henbane, mandrake= all sources of hallucinogenic compounds: atropane alkaloids: atropine, scopolamine, hyoscyamine ATROPA gen. Term SOLANACEAE economic uses (ornamental) Definition Petunia, brugmansia, physalis Term SOLANACEAE subfamilies: Definition CESTROIDEAE: Nicotiana, Petunia/ straight to slightly bent embryos, nearly globose seeds, capsules. SOLANOIDEAE: Solanaum, capsicum, lycianthes datura, physalis, lycium, atropa, mandragora/ curved embryos, flatterned, discoidal seeds, capsules, berries ˇNolanoideaeˇ sometimes recognized for deeply lobed ovary and gynobasic style Term SOLANACEAE Phylogenetic analyses Definition CESTROIDEAE constitue a basal paraphyletic complex (6 subfamilies) and zygomorphic flowers evolved several times in complex. SOLANOIDEAE is monophyletic. Nolana nests within Solanoideae. SOLANUM is largest genus and only monophyletic if Lycopersicon and Cyphomandra are included. Term GENTIANALES: Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae, Gentinaceae, Loganiaceae FEATURES: Definition Stipules/stipular lines, Collecters (multicellular trichomes producing sticky, mucilaginous, or resinous secretion), opposite leaves Term APOCYNACEAE incl. asclepiadaceae HABIT, LEAVES, CORONA, CARPELS, FRUIT Definition Various habits w/ internal phloem & milky sap present; various cardiac glycosides and various alkaloids.// *leaves* usu. opposite(spiral or whorled) entire, pinnate venation, stipules reduced or lacking, collecters usually @ base of petiole. *CORONA* staminal outgrowths often present, petal-like, hood-shaped, horn shaped *carpels* connate by style or stigma only. Apical portion of style expanded into a head, fruits paired, 1 or 2 follicles, berry, drupe, seeds flat often w/ tuft of hairs GYNOSTEGIUM: stamens fused to the gynoecium forming a single structure, pollen agglutinated into pollinia. Term APOCYNACEAE Economic importance: Definition nearly all genera are poisonous, many have medicinal uses: Catharanthus (madagascar periwinkle- antileukemia drugs) Rauvolfia - hypertension drug, Strophanthus - drugs for heart ailments *ORNAMENTALS* Amsonia, Asclepias, Carissa, Hoya, Nerium, Vinca Term RUBIACEAE: DIAGNOSTICS: Definition Opposite or whorled leaves, entire w/ interpetiolar stipules. Fruit a capsule, berry, drupe, schizocarp, indehiscent pod. Cinchona* source of quinine: treats malaria: actinomorphic flowers, 4- or 5- merous, inferior ovary. G2-5