Term
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Definition
-also known as weaners, weaned at 3wks old
-kept in nursery barn/room until 10 wks old
-target is 5kg coming in, 25kg going out |
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Term
| What are some of the challenges with managing nursery pig health? |
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Definition
-stress of weaning
-declining passive immunity
-change in GI flora
-dietary change from milk-based to grain-based
-warm, dry environment |
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Term
| At what age does passive immunity peak? When is it at its lowest (aside from birth)? What happens then? |
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Definition
-peaks at 1.5-2 wks of age
-lowest at 3wks of age (weaning)
-active immunity then starts to build |
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Term
| What feeding management methods can help ensure nursery pig health? Why is this important? |
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Definition
-provide frequent small meals
-use a highly digestible, palatable feed (expensive!)
-place feed on board/creep feeder until pigs are consistently eating well
Important because food intake drops at weaning! |
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Term
| What 'special care' can be done to ensure nursery pig health? |
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Definition
-use small hospital/recovery pens for piglets who are not doing well
-check pigs many times per day, walking pens
-sort pigs by size to reduce competition with larger pigs |
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Term
| Describe the changes in digestive enzyme activity as a piglet grows |
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Definition
-lactase decreasing from 1-4 weeks old
-amylase activity increases from 1-6 wks
(intersection @ 4 wks of age) |
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Term
| What can you do to ensure weanling pigs are drinking enough and warm enough? |
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Definition
-use bowl style drinkers
-1 bowl for every 10 pigs
-check daily to see waterers are working
-keep nursery rooms warm (30C)
-keep a clean environment |
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Term
| What is greasy pig disease? Describe the etiology |
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Definition
-dermatitis of young pigs (affects nursery and nursing pigs)
Etiologic agent: staphylococcus hyicus
-normal skin flora which develops a secondary infection due to cuts, abrasions,
-facilitated by high humidity in the room |
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Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Greasy Pig disease |
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Definition
-abrasion occurs usually due to fighting
-Staph hyicus enters the body, produce a toxin
-infection develops
-dark crusty lesions begin on face, spread over entire body
-lesions secrete a greasy substance |
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Term
True or False
Staphylococcus hyicus is an opportunistic bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| What can you do to prevent/control greasy pig disease? |
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Definition
-clip needle teeth
-reduce fighting (don't mix pigs)
-reduce humidity in barn
Treatment: injectable/topical antibiotics |
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Term
| What environmental factors contribute to greasy pig disease? |
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Definition
-pigs have needle teeth
-high humidity
-mixing of pigs |
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Term
| What host factors contribute to greasy pig disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What agent factors contribute to greasy pig disease? |
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Definition
| Bacteria Staphyloccus hyicus secretes a toxin which causes a secondary infection |
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Term
| Describe the etiology of Streptococcal Meningitis |
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Definition
Agent: Streptococcus suis Type 2
-commensal bacteriaa of respiratory & genital tract
-persists for long time in environment
-neurological, zoonotic disease |
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Term
| What are the public health concerns associated with Streptococcal Meningitis |
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Definition
-zoonotic disease
-mainly Type 2 Meningintis causing brain inflammation, deafness
-transmitted easily through skin wounds
-hand washing is an effective means of prevention |
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Term
| How is Streptococcal Meningitis transmitted between pigs? |
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Definition
Sow to Piglet
-via genital tract during parturition
-respiratory & alimentary routes during lactation
Pig to Pig
-disease typically onset at 5-10wks of age |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of streptococcal meningitis? |
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Definition
-head tilt, circling, trembling
-pig lying on side
-paddling
-ataxia
-convulsions
-death |
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Term
| What can you do to prevent streptococcal meningitis? |
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Definition
-avoid overcrowding & frequent mixing of pigs
-reduce stress
-mass medicate @ stressful times
-vaccinate |
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Term
| How is streptococcal meningitis treated? |
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Definition
-isolate sick pigs
-injectable antibiotics as early as possible |
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Term
| What are the environmental factors associated with streptococcal meningitis? |
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Definition
-overcrowding
-poor ventilation
-mixing pigs |
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Term
| What are the host factors associated with streptococcal meningitis? |
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Definition
-immunity
-presence of other diseases
-** zoonosis! |
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Term
| What are the agent factors associated with streptococcal meningitis? |
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Definition
| -bacteria: Streptococcus suis Type 2 |
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Term
| Describe the etiology of Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) |
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Definition
Agent: Porcine Circovirus Type 2
-necessary but insufficient cause |
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Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome |
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Definition
-mostly unknown
-may be triggered by adjuvant in vaccines
-immunosuppression reduces lymphocytes & macrophages = predisposition to secondary disease
-lesions & clinical appearance varies |
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Term
| Describe the clinical signs of PMWS & mortality within a herd |
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Definition
-weight loss/emaciation
-enlarged lymph nodes
-respiratory signs (coughing, rapid breathing)
-diarrhea
-skin lesions/scabs
-jaundice
In a herd:
acute = high mortality >20%, case fatality
endemic = sporadic mortality |
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Term
| What can be done to prevent & control PMWS |
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Definition
-all in/all out nursery
-euth affected pigs
-control other diseases
-vaccinate! on arrival & 3 wks later |
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Term
True or False
The vaccine for PMWS is highly effective |
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Definition
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Term
| What environmental factors are associated with PMWS |
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Definition
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Term
| What host factors are associated with PMWS |
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Definition
-other disease present
-vaccination
-genetics |
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Term
| What agent factors are associated with PMWS |
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Definition
| Porcine Circovirus Type 2 |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of post-weaning Escherichia coli diarrhea? |
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Definition
-pasty/watery diarrhea
-red perineum
-poor growth
-acute death before diarrhea occurs (purple abdomen will be observable) |
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Term
| What can you do to prevent post-weaning E.coli diarrhea? (5) |
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Definition
-warm, dry pens
-all in/all out
-antibiotics
-acidifiers in feed/water
-feed additives? |
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Term
| What are the environmetal factors contributing to post-weaning E.coli diarrhea? |
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Definition
-poor sanitation
-cold rooms
-feed |
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Term
| What are the agent factors contributing to post-weaning E.coli diarrhea? |
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Definition
-E.coli have pili for attachment to villi of SI
-secrete toxin |
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Term
| What are the host factors contributing to post-weaning E.coli diarrhea? |
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Definition
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