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Svampe / Fungi
Sprøjtecertifikat delprøve2
30
Biology
10th Grade
09/20/2013

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Cards

Term
Hvilken betydning har det for svampene at de er klorofylløse

What does it mean to fungi they have no clorofyle?
Definition
De kan ikke binde kulstof fra luftet (CO2)men er nødt til at snylte

They can't take up carbon (CO2) and need to live parasitic
Term
Hvad kaldes de grundelementer som svampene er opbygget af?

From which four basic elements are fungi built up
Definition
Hyfer, mycelium, bisporer og hovedsporer

Hyphea, mycelium, asexual spores and sexual spores
Term
Hvilken funktion har mycelium?

What do the mycelium do?
Definition
Optager næring

Takes up nutrients for living
Term
Hvilken funktion har bisporer?

What do the asexual spores do?
Definition
Spreder svampen

Help spreading the fungus
Term
Hvilken funktion har hovedsporer?

What do the sexual spores do?
Definition
Overlever ugunstige perioder for svampen

Makes the fungus survive unfavorable periods (dry, cold)
Term
Hvilken type materiale angriber tvangssnyltere / Obligate parasitter?

Which kind of organic material do Obligate parasitic fungi attack?
Definition
Kun levende plantemateriale

Only living plant material
Term
Hvilken type materiale angriber Lejlighedsrådsvampe / Fakultative saprofytter?

Which kind of organic material do Optional saprophyte fungi attack?
Definition
Helst levende men også dødt plantemateriale

Rather living but also dead plant material
Term
Hvilken type materiale angriber lejlighedssnyltere / Fakultative parasitter?

Which kind of organic material do Optional parasitic fungi attack?
Definition
Helst dødt, men også levende plantemateriale

Rather dead but also living plant material
Term
Hvilken type materiale angriber tvangs rådsvampe / Obligate saprofytter?

Which kind of organic material do Obligate saprophyte fungi attack?
Definition
Kun dødt plantemateriale

Only dead plant material
Term
Hvordan kan svampesygdomme spredes?

Mention at least 3 ways a fungi can be spread
Definition
Med sporer gennem luft, vand, på insekter og på materialer / redskaber (potter, jord, knive sakse).
Inficeret / smittet plantemateriale

With spores through air, water, on insects and on different materials and tools (pots, soil, knives scissors).
Infected / contaminated plant material
Term
Hvad er et fungicid?

What is a fungicide?
Definition
Et svampemiddel

A pesticide fighting fungi
Term
Hvordan forebygges svampesygdomme?

How to prevent fungal diseases?
Definition
Sunde moderplanter, ren jord, nye potter, rene knive & sakse. Undgå at gå fra færdigvareproduktion til formering, gode kulturforhold

Healthy mother plants, "clean" soil, new pots, clean knives and scissors. Avoid going from finished product production to propagation, good culture conditions
Term
Beskriv symptomerne på gråskimmel

Describe the symptoms of gray mold
Definition
Lyse gulliggrønne og brune ringe rundt om angrebsstedet. Ved kraftige angreb dannes en grå sporepels, hvorfra spredning sker

Light yellowish green and brown rings around the attack site. In severe attacks a gray fur of asexua spores are formed.
Term
Beskriv symptomerne på meldug

Describe the symptoms of powdery mildew
Definition
Hvidgrå svampebelægning, der først ses i pletter, danner store mængder af sporer, som giver et melet udseende

White-gray fungal coating that is first seen in spots, forming large quantities of spores, which gives an appearance of flour
Term
Beskriv symptomerne på rodbrand

Describe the symptoms of root rot
Definition
Brune "slåede" rødder / stængelbasis - råd. Planter hænger pga. vandmangel

Brown roots / stem bases - rot. Plants hangs due to water shortages
Term
Hvilke klimabetingelser er gode for Gråskimmel?

Which climatic conditions promote Grey mold?
Definition
Høj luftfugtighed og en optimum temperatur på 20 C (max. 30 grader)

High humidity and optimum temperature of 20 C (max. 30 degrees)
Term
Hvilke klimabetingelser er gode for meldug?

Which climatic conditions promote Mildew?
Definition
Slår let an ved relativ høj fugtighed om natten. Opformering af smitstof (sporer) og spredning sker i varm og tør luft om dagen

Attacks easily by high relative humidity at night. Multiplication of infectious agent (spores) and spreading occurs in warm, dry air during the day
Term
What kind of disease is crown gall?
Virus, Bacteria, Fungus or Abiotic disease
Definition
Bacteria
Term
What is an abiotic disease?
Give 3 examples
Definition
A "disease" caused by physical factors.
Lack of fertilizer, too low temperature, too much light etc.
Term
Mention 3 typical virus symptoms
Definition
Mosaic, clorosis or dead (necrotic) spots on flowers and leaves
Term
What do bacteria and virus have in common?
Definition
You cannot cure them
(Bacteria you can, but it's not allowed)
Term
Hvad er en feromonfælde?
What is a pheromone trap?
Definition
A trap with male / female sexual smell. Used for monitoring
Term
Rodhalsgalle forårsages af:
Crown gall disease is a> 1. Virus 2. Skadedyr / pest 3. Svamp / fungus 4. Bakteria / Bacteria
Definition
Bakterie / Bacteria
Term
Hvad betyder persistens?

Hvad betyder persistens mean?
Definition
Nedbrydningstid / Time before the pesticide is gone
Term
Hvad betyder det når man siger planternes rødder er "slåede"?
What does it mean when danes say that the roots of the plant is "slåede”
Definition
They are dead - often caused by to much nutrition
Term
Hvad er en fysiogen sygdom

What is an "Abiotic disease" og Abiotic disorder"
Definition
Disease caused by something physical - like pH, Lt, light, temperatur etc.
Term
Må penicillin bruges til at bekæmpe bakterier sygdomme i kulturplanter?

Can penicillin be used to fight bacterial diseases in crop plants?
Definition
Yes - but it is not allowed
Term
Hvilken er en virussygdom:
Which is a virus-disease
1. Tomatmosaik / Tomato mosaic
2. Rodhalsgalle / Crown gall
3. Fusarium
4. Bladnematode / Leaf nematode
Definition
Tomato mosaic
Term
Nævn et pesticid mod virus

Mention a pesticide against virus
Definition
There are none
Term
I hvilken kultur forekommer "Griffelråd" og hvad kan det skyldes?

In which culture occurs "Bottom end rot" and what causes it?
Definition
Tomatoes. Caused by the lack of the nutrient calcium
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