Term
| Focused or Selective attention |
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Definition
| Whenever you have two or more inputs
You process only one – ignore the other |
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Term
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Definition
| Whenever you have two or more inputs
You process all of the sensory input |
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Term
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Definition
An effect proposed by Colin Cherry in 1940's and 1950's
An example is exercising selective attention when choosing which conversation to listen to at a party
Could also be overhearing your name at a party in a conversation you were not actively listening to.
*Selective Attention*Information Filtering* |
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Term
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Definition
| having two messages being presented to both ears Usually entails having an attended listening ear, taking the focus, and an unattended ear. |
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Term
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Definition
| Repeating a stimulus presented in a dichotic listening task. accuracy and order of response are most often measured, as well as interference from unattended ear |
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Term
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Definition
In a dichotic listening task:
BOTH streams of information are buffered
Meaning analysis chooses channels of the available information, as if cannot process all the data (limited capacity)
A gate or filter selects the data, and the channels not chosen fade from memory quickly |
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Term
| Problems with Broadbent's Theory |
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Definition
| Untended Messages Slip through
Practice effects
Input modality |
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Term
| Treisman's Adaption of Broadbent's theory |
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Definition
| Breakthrough Stimuli (very small, 6%)
Attenuating instead of gating (a reduction in the channel strength)
Flexible location of filter by capacity (sensory vs semantic levels) |
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Term
| Flanker Compatibility Tasks |
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Definition
| a participant is instructed to focus on a stimulus, while a distracter stimulus is shown off to the side. It is designed to test to what extent distracting stimuli effect attention. |
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Term
| Schizophrenia as an attentional deficit |
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Definition
It is hypothesized that part of SZ might be an attentional deficit.
on Flanker tests
-slower RT
-longer attentional blink
-difficulty in disengaging attention
-even larger problems when the test is in the right visual field, or left hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced ability to detect a stimulus within 200-500ms after initial presentation of the stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
attentional related brain deficit in both hemispheres
Simultagnosia
Gaze apraxia
Oculomotor ataxia |
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Term
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Definition
| Not a visual system deficit, but an attentional deficit that prevents someone from attending to a portion of their field of view |
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Term
| Generalizations of Divided Attention: Automaticity |
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Definition
extended consistent training
fast and parallel
little effort, little interference
robust—resistant to stressors
unlearning very difficult |
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Term
| Generalizations of Divided Attention: Controlled |
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Definition
quick, no consistency
slow and serial
high effort, interferes with other
controlled processes
influenced by stressors
no unlearning effect
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Term
| Generalizations of Divided Attention:Automaticity vs Controlled |
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Definition
Automaticity: extended consistent training.
Controlled: quick, no consistency
Automatic: fast and parallel
Controlled: slow and serial
Automatic: little effort, little interference
Controlled: high effort, interferes with other controlled processes.
Automaticity: robust—resistant to stressors
Controlled: influenced by stressors
Automatic: unlearning very difficult
new set difficult to learn, intrusions of old items
Controlled: no unlearning effect |
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