Term
| What is marital power (also called conjugal power)? |
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Definition
| involves: decision making, divison of labor, allocation of money, sense of empowerment |
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Term
| What are the objective and subjective aspects of power, and are they necessarily related? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Blood and Wolfe’s “resource hypothesis” and on what grounds has it been criticized? |
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Definition
| Holds that the spouse with more resources has more power in the marriage. The decisions made my wives were generally less important than ones by husbands. |
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Term
| is the relationship between resources and gender? |
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Definition
| Power-giving resources tend to be unevenly distributed between the sexes. Women come to have fewer resources is through their reproductive roles and resulting economic dependence. Working contributes to marital power |
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Term
| How does the culture influence this relationship, and in what cultural conditions does resource theory explain power? |
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Definition
| Although women’s employment rates, occupational status, and income have increased in recent decades, their share household work has not declined to a similar degree. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the 6 power bases, or sources of power. In a marriage or relationship, this form of power is based on one partner’s emotional identification with the other and his or her willingness to agree to the other’s decisions or preferences. |
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Term
| How might women’s focus on love and relationships put women at a power disadvantage in marriage? |
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Definition
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Term
| “As We Make Choices: Peer Marriage” (see box, p. 362): What, according to Pepper Schwartz, is peer marriage, and how do couples in these marriages differ from near peers and traditionals? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did those in peer marriages want them—was it just having feminist beliefs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a “no-power” situation? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does “no-power” situation affect the couple’s satisfaction with the relationship? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does communication between partners affect their perceptions of the balance of power? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is it possible to change the balance of power in a relationship? |
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Definition
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Term
| How has fertility in the U.S. changed over time? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were the fertility rates of the 1940s and 1950s unusual? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the typical family size preferred in the U.S. today? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do wealthier and better educated families tend to have fewer children? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a “pronatalist bias”? |
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Definition
| a cultural attitude that takes having children for granted. Structural antinatalism- the structural, or societal, conditions in which bearing and raising children is discouraged either overtly or- as may be the case in the U.S. – covertly through inadequate support for parenting. |
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Term
| Is our society “antinatalist”? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is “structural antinatalism,” and what are its possible consequences? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the rewards and costs of having kids? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do kids affect marital happiness? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do some people remain “child-free”? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do the sexes differ in their views of childlessness? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do some people delay childbearing, and how is delaying good/bad? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are “only children” really more spoiled than children who have siblings? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of the one-child family? |
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Definition
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Term
| How have rates of birth to unmarried women changed over time? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are unwed births an increasing proportion of total births in the U.S.? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the proportion of births outside marriage high among African-American women? Is this group’s nonmarital birth rate rising, falling, or staying the same today? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which racial/ethnic group has shown the greatest increase in nonmarital births to older women (in their thirties)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are birthrates for teen moms rising, falling, or staying the same, compared to the past? Why do people see teenage pregnancy as a problem? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was abortion first prohibited in the U.S., and when did it become legal? When during pregnancy do most abortions occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is “involuntary infertility”? |
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Definition
| situation of a couple or individual who would like to have a baby but cannot. It is medically diagnosed when a woman has tried for 12 months to become pregnant without success. |
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Term
| Why has infertility become a more “visible” issue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kinds of new concerns have been raised by the availability of reproductive technologies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are “public adoption” and “private adoption”? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes transracial adoption controversial? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why aren’t some adoptions of older and/or disabled children successful? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did women enter into the labor force in such high numbers in the 1970s? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is occupational segregation? |
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Definition
| the distribution of men and women into substantially different occupations. Women are over-represnted in clerical and service work, for example, whereas men dominate the higher professions and the upper levels of management. |
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Term
| Where is the “wage gap” between men and women the highest—in more elite occupations or in lower-paid jobs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the “motherhood penalty,” and is it declining today? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the “good provider role” and how is it good/bad for men? How does this role make it hard to increase men’s family involvement? |
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Definition
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Term
| How common are “househusbands”? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do careers differ from jobs? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do two-career couples experience family life, and what special problem does the career wife face? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is home-based working increasing or decreasing? What advantages and disadvantages do women who work at home cite? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does teleworking solve the problem of balancing work and family time? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are “sequencing moms,” and how do they feel about putting their careers on hold? What is the down side of this choice? |
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Definition
| a mother who chooses to leave paid employment in order to spend some years at home raising children but who plans to return to work eventually. |
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Term
| What kinds of unpaid work are done within the family? |
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Definition
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Term
| Has men’s contribution to housework changed as women have entered the labor force? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the “second shift”? |
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Definition
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Term
| What “reinforcing cycle” has emerged to perpetuate the gap between men’s and women’s performance of housework? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do men and women perceive what is a “fair share” of the housework in the same way? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does research suggest that employment among mothers is harming children today? |
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Definition
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Term
| Did the “full time moms” of the past spend all of their time with their children? |
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Definition
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Term
| What special problems related to employment are faced by men who choose to give family life priority? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would help people to cope with the conflicts between work and family life? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the U.S. compare to other nations on parental leave and child care policies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a “gender strategy” in two-earner marriages? Why do marital conflicts occur in these marriages? How do couples use family myths to cope with these conflicts? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to exercise one's will (esp against the other's resistance) |
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Term
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Definition
| power in a marriage or intimate relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| who makes important decisions? who is perceived to be more powerful? |
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Term
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Definition
| can't simply add up # of decisions each partner maybe to see who is more powerful. decision making is negotiated balance of power |
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Term
| social exchange processes? |
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Definition
| affected power balance. relative involvement of each partner in the relationship. "principle of least interest" (Willard Waller) - least committed person has more power |
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Term
| infanticide? (child rearing) |
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Definition
| antiquity - up to 4th c. A.D. - high birth rate, scarce resources. -"most valued" children at best care (often male, wealthy) |
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Term
| abandonment? (child rearing) |
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Definition
| medieval (4th- 13th c.) hight birth rate, scarce resources. less "valuable" kids couldn't be killed (christianity) so they were given away, abandoned, sold |
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Term
| ambivalent? (child rearing) |
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Definition
| renaissance (14th-17th c.) children seen as "malleable- should be shaped" to be moral. "ambivalant": treatment could be loving or harsh. -beginning of people distinguishing between childhof and adulthood |
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Term
| intrusive? (child rearing) |
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Definition
| 18th c. child naturally "wild" -must be tamed, broken (like horse), controlled. -pediatrics beginning |
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Term
| socializing? (child rearing) |
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Definition
| 19th c. - mid 20th (and on) child is seen as a product of the environment-"tabula rasa"- blank slate. -pure but corruptive in a bad environment. -parents should shape child to fit societys needs |
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Term
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Definition
| mid 20th c. and on. -each child has a unique potential. -parents should help child fulfill that potential. -mutually in child rearing between parent and child |
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Term
| child rearing practices reflect? |
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Definition
| what a society needs in its adults members |
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Term
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Definition
| (child rearing) cross cultural studies of parents and kids |
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Term
| American childrearing emphasises individual achievement? |
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Definition
| competence & self-worth, autonomy, idnpendent decision making, success is attracting an intimate partner, assertivness: ability to defend own space property rights |
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