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Study Guide
6-10
110
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
03/28/2010

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
 

Poor health is best described as a:

Definition
Stressor
Term
In the face of fear, someone is unable to concentrate and develops a distorted view of the world. This person is showing which of the following fear responses?
Definition
Emotional
Term
A student who turns pale and feels nauseated when called on to speak in class is experiencing a(n) ______ response to stress.
Definition
Physical
Term

The part of the body that releases hormones into the bloodstream is the ______ system.

Definition
Endocrine
Term

In response to a threat, we perspire, breathe more quickly, get goose bumps, and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the:

Definition
Sympathetic Nervous System
Term
Imagine that you just had a “close call” while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy?
Definition
parasympathetic nervous system
Term

The flight-or-fight system is controlled first by the:

Definition
sympathetic nervous system.
Term

The gland that produces a hormone that is involved in the reaction to fearful and stressful situations is the:

Definition
adrenal.
Term
Which of the following accurately describes the sympathetic nervous system pathway of the stress response?
Definition
The hypothalamus excites the sympathetic nervous system which excites body organs to release hormones that serve as neurotransmitters, producing even more arousal.
Term
I am generally a calm, relaxed person. If you are generally a tense, excitable person, we differ in:
Definition
trait anxiety.
Term
Some people are stimulated by exciting, potentially dangerous activities that terrify others. These varying reactions represent differences in:
Definition
state anxiety.
Term
Posttraumatic stress disorders:
Definition
last longer than a month.
Term
A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called:
Definition
acute stress disorder.
Term
Which of the following is the best example of “reduce responsiveness” as it relates to posttraumatic stress disorder?
Definition
feeling detached or estranged from others and loss of interest in activities
Term
Which of the following does not characterize stress disorders?
Definition
a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event
Term
Which of the following is the most common experience for a veteran of the Iraq/Afghanistan wars?
Definition
seeing friends seriously wounded or killed
Term

What proportion of women are the victims of rape at some point during their lives?

Definition
1/6
Term
A torture victim who is subjected to threats of death, mock executions, and degradation is experiencing what type of torture?
Definition
psychological
Term
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between biology and stress?
Definition
Arousal generated by trauma leads to stress disorders, which may produce more brain changes.
Term
A combat veteran undergoing “eye movement desensitization and reprocessing” is experiencing which general form of therapy?
Definition
exposure therapy
Term
A 35-year-old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg and right arm. The physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms. She appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms may be psychological. The diagnosis would be:
Definition
conversion disorder.
Term

Conversion disorders most often appear in:

Definition
adolescence.
Term
If a person complains of a wide variety of physical symptoms over a period of time in the absence of a physical basis for the symptoms, the diagnosis would likely be:
Definition
somatization disorder.
Term

The heart patient complained of adhesions from the scar, leg cramps, and joint stiffness. He seemed to be hurting all over, but no medical reason could be found to explain the symptoms. The best diagnosis for this disorder is:

Definition
pain disorder associated with psychological factors.
Term
Which of the following is likely to be useful in distinguishing hysterical somatoform disorders from true medical problems?
Definition
the failure of a condition to develop as expected
Term
Which of the following is an example of malingering?
Definition
intentionally faking a tic in order to avoid military service
Term

A person appeared at the emergency room complaining of bloody diarrhea. When examined further, it was found that the person was intentionally creating the diarrhea through use of laxatives and anticoagulant medication, and liked being a patient. This person is most likely experiencing:

Definition
a factitious disorder.
Term

Someone who has Munchausen syndrome, also by definition, has:

Definition
a factitious disorder.
Term
Which of the following is a primary characteristic of an individual with Munchausen syndrome by proxy?
Definition
emotionally needy
Term
If a person were experiencing numerous physical complaints, visiting doctors frequently, and expressed great concern about normal bodily symptoms, one would most likely suspect:
Definition
hypochondriasis.
Term
People who become preoccupied with some imagined or exaggerated defect in their appearance suffer from a:
Definition

body dysmorphic disorder.

Term
Dysmorphophobia is a somatoform disorder characterized by:
Definition
preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in appearance.
Term

The chief criticism of the behavioral and psychodynamic explanations for the maintenance of hysterical disorders is that:

Definition
they can't explain how the gains can outweigh the pain of the disorder.
Term
A cognitive theorist would be most likely to say which of the following about hysterical disorders?
Definition
The patient is otherwise unable to communicate difficult emotions.
Term
Albert had finally had enough of his inability to walk, and he went to a psychologist who told him there was nothing medically wrong. This therapy was based on:
Definition
confrontation.
Term
Dissociative disorders:
Definition
involve major changes in memory
Term
In the most common type of dissociative amnesia, a person loses memory for:
Definition
all events beginning with the trauma but within a limited period of time.
Term

Dissociative fugue states affect ______ memory but not ______ memory.

Definition
episodic; semantic
Term
Someone who is experiencing “doubling” is:
Definition
feeling like his or her mind is floating above him or her.
Term

Research suggests that which of the following people would be most immune to developing a stress disorder following trauma?

Definition
someone who believes that events are generally under his or her control
Term

A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which people have an exaggerated belief in their power describes:

Definition
mania.
Term

The key emotions in mood disorders are:

Definition
sadness and euphoria.
Term
Which of the following is the least common form of a mood disorder?
Definition
full manic episodes with no depressive episodes
Term

Which of the following would be an emotional symptom of depression?

Definition
experiences of sadness and anger
Term

Which of the following would be a motivational symptom of depression?

Definition
lack of desire to eat
Term

The experience of a lack of desire to engage in sexual activity with one's spouse would be considered a(n) ______ symptom of depression.

Definition
motivational
Term

Having frequent headaches is a(n) ______ symptom of depression.

Definition
physical
Term
To be classified as having a major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at least:
Definition
two weeks.
Term

Since immediately after the birth of her son, Maria has experienced a period of sadness that interferes with her ability to take care of him. She has never felt this way before, but this has been going on for several weeks. With what type of major depression would she most likely be diagnosed?

Definition
postpartum
Term
If a biochemical imbalance were the cause of a person's depression, the latest research would lead us to expect that person to have:
Definition
an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine.
Term

According to Freudian theory, depression results in part from:

Definition
regression to the oral stage.
Term
Which of the following people is showing introjection?
Definition
a person who directs feelings of grief for a lost loved one toward himself
Term

Seasonal affective disorder is thought to be due to:

Definition
increased levels of melatonin.
Term
Behaviorists explain the downward spiral of depression by theorizing that:
Definition
depressed behavior leads to even fewer opportunities for social rewards.
Term

Cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a person's:

Definition
negative interpretation of events.
Term
Which of the following is not true of the correlation between marital status and depression?
Definition
Depression is about as common among those who are widowed as those who are separated or divorced.
Term
People experiencing mania:
Definition
want excitement and companionship.
Term
The difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is
Definition
the severity of the manic episodes.
Term

A 12-year-old middle-school European-American girl from a middle-class socioeconomic background has been diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Which of her characteristics is most unusual for those with bipolar I disorder diagnosis?

Definition
her age
Term

In the “permissive theory” of mood disorders, low ______ activity opens the door to a mood disorder and permits other neurotransmitters to define the form of the disorder.

Definition
serotonin
Term

Which of the following are people most likely to do to improve their mood?

Definition
talk to friends/family
Term
A therapist using free association and dream interpretation discovers that as a small child her patient had been left alone by her mother on several occasions, and concludes that the patient is experiencing unipolar depression. The therapist is most likely from which orientation?
Definition
psychodynamic
Term
Which statement about the treatment of mood disorders is the least accurate?
Definition
Research shows that psychodynamic therapy is highly effective in treating mood disorders.
Term

From whom are depressed people most likely first to seek help?

Definition
physicians
Term

If your therapist tried to reintroduce you to pleasurable activities, reinforced nondepressive actions, and improved your social skills, your therapist would be using:

Definition
behavioral therapy.
Term

Which of the following is a correct match of person and approach?

Definition
Beck and cognitive therapy
Term
In cognitive behavior therapy, the process of altering or challenging primary attitudes is similar to:
Definition
conducting an experiment.
Term

Typically, people who are in the loss and separation stage of grief:

Definition
dream that the person is still alive or “see” the person.
Term
Which of the following is the best example of interpersonal role transition?
Definition
going away to college for the first time
Term

A person who displays extreme shyness and insensitivity to others is showing signs of:

Definition
interpersonal deficits.
Term
About what percentage of people receiving treatment for depression are in dysfunctional relationships?
Definition
50%
Term
Today, electroconvulsive therapy:
Definition
also involves the use of muscle relaxants.
Term

Which patient group was the first treated with ECT?

Definition
psychotic patients
Term

If you had high blood pressure, you would want to be especially careful when using:

Definition
MAO inhibitors.
Term
Apparently tricyclics work by:
Definition
blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
Term

Psychodynamic therapy is to loss as interpersonal therapy is to:

Definition
social problems.
Term
Of the following, the treatment that is the most effective with different types of depression is:
Definition
cognitive therapy.
Term

The major present-day indication for the use of ECT as a treatment for depression is:

Definition
when a severely depressed patient does not respond to other therapies.
Term

There has been a significant increase in the number of physicians prescribing antidepressants in the past few decades:

Definition
despite the success of cognitive therapy.
Term

The result of “publication bias” with respect to antidepressant medication is that consumers will think antidepressant medication is:

Definition
more effective than it actually is.
Term

About how many deaths occur by suicide each year around the world?

Definition
700,000
Term
What is a parasuicide?
Definition
a failed attempt to commit suicide
Term
Ignoring fatigue, a driver finally falls asleep at the wheel, crashes, and dies. The driver's death would most accurately be described as:
Definition
self-inflicted but not suicide.
Term
In his definition of suicide, Schneidman includes all of the following factors except that it:
Definition
results from depression or emotional distress.
Term

What is the critical way in which the death seeker differs from the death darer, according to Shneidman? Death seekers:

Definition
intend to end their lives with their action.
Term
Bobby plays chicken by aiming his car at a bridge abutment, then veering off at the last second. Bobby is an example of what Shneidman refers to as a:
Definition
death darer
Term
What is the critical way in which death initiators differ from other categories, according to Shneidman?
Definition

They believe they are merely speeding up an ongoing process.

Term
Retrospective analysis involves:
Definition
gathering information about a suicide victim's past.
Term

At the time of the suicide, a suicide victim was receiving psychotherapy, and left a clear suicide note. This suicide victim is:

Definition

the least common kind; about half of suicide victims have never received psychotherapy, and do not leave a suicide note.

Term

Which of the following statements is most accurate about the relationship between religion and suicide?

Definition
The degree of one's devoutness is a more important predictor of suicide than one's specific religion.
Term

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with suicide risk?

Definition

being an atheist versus being devout

Term

What is the cause of death in the majority of male suicides in the United States?

Definition
use of firearms
Term
Commonly observed triggers for suicide include all of the following except:
Definition
being in therapy.
Term

Which of the following is true regarding war veterans' risk of suicide once they return home?

Definition
War vets are about twice as likely to commit suicide as similar nonveterans.
Term
All of the following are examples of immediate stress except:
Definition

serious illness

Term

Which of the following people would be at greatest risk of suicide?

Definition
someone who had been in poor health for years and is now terminal
Term
A person who sees life in “right or wrong” “all or none” terms is engaging in:
Definition
dichotomous thinking.
Term

An increase in which emotion is most often linked to suicide?

Definition
Guilt or Sadness
Term

Who of the following is most at risk for suicide?

Definition
someone who is depressed and dependent on alcohol
Term

Research indicates that suicides by people with schizophrenia are in response to:

Definition
feelings of demoralization.
Term
What kind of theory is Durkheim's theory of suicide?
Definition
sociocultural
Term

Altruistic suicide is most likely to occur in a country that:

Definition
honors those who kill themselves for a higher good.
Term
Biological researchers have found a link between suicide and:
Definition
low levels of serotonin.
Term
The “typical” child who commits suicide is a:
Definition
boy who understands what death really is.
Term

Which of the following is true?

Definition
None of these statements are true.
Term
A developing body of research shows that antidepressant use in children and adolescents:
Definition
increases suicide risk for some individuals, but decreases the overall suicide risk.
Term
Most theories which seek to explain why the rate of teenage suicide is increasing focus on:
Definition
social changes.
Term

Treatment for suicide attempters:

Definition
typically involves medical and psychological care.
Term
A typical caller to an urban suicide prevention center is:
Definition
young, female, African American.
Term
The most helpful explanation for suicide, particularly regarding the general background factors and triggers of suicides, comes from the ______ perspective.
Definition

sociocultural

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