Term
| What studies are evidence for the hereditary explanation of substance abuse? |
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Definition
-Schuckit - alcohol challenge
-Croniger - Swedish male adoptees
-McGue - twins |
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Term
| What studies are evidence for the personality explanation of substance abuse? |
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Definition
-Morgernstern - APD
-Fabrega -APD
-Shedler and Block - Psychodynamic |
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Term
| What studies are evidence for the social factors explanation of substance abuse? |
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Definition
-Garnier and Stein - Longitudinal study
-Bricker - smoking transitions |
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Term
| What studies are evidence for the aversion therapy treatment of substance abuse? |
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Definition
-Wiens and Menusik - emetic
-Higgins - contingency training |
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Term
| What studies are evidence for the self management treatment of substance abuse? |
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Definition
-Hser - cannabis abuse
-Botvin - alcohol abuse |
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Term
| What studies are evidence for the prevention technique identifying at risk groups? |
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Definition
| Drummond - people in A & E |
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Term
| What studies are evidence for the prevention technique use of fear arousal? |
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Definition
| -Janis and Feshbach - tooth decay |
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Term
| What studies are evidence for the prevention technique social inoculation? |
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Definition
| -Cuijpers - Dutch school study |
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Term
| What studies are evidence for the prevention technique CHARLIE health promotion? |
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Definition
-Moher - smoking employees
-Gromel Australian ambulance crews |
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Term
| What studies are evidence for the prevention technique DARE health promotion? |
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Definition
| -Ennett - DARE vs other projects |
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Term
| What is the Schuckit study? |
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Definition
454 males aged 20 given alcohol challenge.
-40% of sons of alcoholics and 10% of sons of non alcoholics reported low intoxication
-10 years later alcoholism found in 43% of sons reporting low intoxication and 11% of sons reporting high intoxication |
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Term
| What is the Schuckit study evidence for? |
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Definition
-Hereditary factors of substance abuse
-Suggested intoxication levels are hereditary
-Suggested intoxication levels related to abuse |
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Term
| What is the Croniger study of the heireditary explaination of suubstance abuse (adoption)? |
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Definition
| Alcohol abuse levels taken from biological father and adoptive father of 1724 Swedish male adoptees, then saw if adoptees abused -If bio father abused - 18% did -If bio father didn't abuse - 3% did Highest percentage with both fathers abused |
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Term
| What is the Croniger study evidence for? |
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Definition
-Hereditary factors of substance abuse
-Suggested abuse can be partly hereditary |
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Term
| What is the McGue study into heireditary factors of substance abuse? |
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Definition
Used DSMIII for alcohol abuse/dependence Concordance rates:
-Male MZ - 77%
-Male DZ - 54%
-Female MZ - 39%
-Female DZ - 42% |
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Term
| What is the McGue study evidence for? |
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Definition
-hereditary explanation of substance abuse
-male result shows abuse may be hereditary
-below 100% concordance so also effected by environmental factors |
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Term
| What is the Morgernstern study? |
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Definition
300+ alcohol abusers interviewed and personality assessed
-APD associated with severe symptoms of alcoholism |
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Term
| What is the Morgernstern study evidence for? |
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Definition
| -The influence of personality factors, specifically antisocial personality disorder, on substance abuse |
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Term
| What is the Fabrega study? |
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Definition
| 40% of APD sufferers abuse alcohol |
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Term
| What is the Fabrega study evidence for? |
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Definition
-The influence of personality factors, specifically antisocial personality disorder, on substance abuse
-Found link between APD and binge drinking |
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Term
| What is the Shedler and Block study? |
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Definition
| An over reliance on others is a consequence of parents who fail to satisfy the child's needs. People are substituted for people to get comfort. |
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Term
| What is the Shedler and Block study evidence for? |
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Definition
-The influence of personality factors on substance abuse
-Linked with the psychodynamic theory |
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Term
| What is the Garnier and Stein study? |
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Definition
Longitudinal study where 198 children and caregivers interviewed and family, peers and relationships studied.
-Best predictor of abuse was similar peer behaviour |
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Term
| What is the Garnier and Stein study evidence for? |
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Definition
| -The influence of social factors on substance abuse |
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Term
| What is the Bricker study into social influence of substance abuse (smoking)? |
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Definition
| Examined smoking transitions in 6,000 10-17 year olds -Peers had most influence on starting smoking -Parents had most influence on progression of smoking (whether they abused or not) |
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Term
| What is the Bricker study evidence for? |
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Definition
| -The influence of social factors on substance use and abuse |
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Term
| What is the Wiens and Menustik study into aversion therapy (alcohol)? |
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Definition
| 100 people treated with emetic (chemical that causes nausea) -First 12 months - 60% stopped drinking alcohol -2 years later - 50% alcohol free |
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Term
| What is the Wiens and Menustik study evidence for? |
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Definition
-The effectiveness of aversion therapy as a treatment for substance abuse
-Suggests aversion therapy is effective but people relapse |
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Term
| What is the Higgins study into the effectiveness of contingency training (cocaine)? |
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Definition
Cocaine abusers treated with contingency training for 6 months
-68% that completed programme lasted at least 8 weeks without using |
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Term
| What is the Higgins study evidence for? |
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Definition
-The effectiveness of aversion therapy, specifically contingency training, as a treatment for substance abuse
-Suggests aversion therapy is effective but people relapse |
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Term
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Definition
1,167 adolescents aged 11-18 treated for cannabis abuse using individual and group counselling, family therapy, skills training and 12 step programmes
-Use decreased from 80% to 40%
-Grades increased from 53% to 80%
-Illegal acts decreased from 76% to 53%
-Self esteem increased |
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Term
| What is the Hser study evidence for? |
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Definition
| The effectiveness of self management as a treatment for substance abuse |
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Term
| What is the Botvin study into the effectiveness of self management (binge drinking)? |
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Definition
1,700 teens put in programme about negative effects of binge drinking and given information about binge drinking norms and compared with a control group
-Binge drinking decreased by 50% |
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Term
| What is the Botvin study evidence for? |
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Definition
The effectiveness of self management as a treatment for substance abuse
-suggests community programmes help people manage abuse |
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Term
| What is the Drummond study? |
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Definition
People were identified as at risk of having alcohol problem if they visited A & E and were invited to a clinic to discuss the abuse
-50% attended clinic |
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Term
| What is the Drummond study evidence for? |
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Definition
| The effectiveness of identifying and targeting at risk groups as a prevention for substance abuse |
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Term
| What is the Janis and Feshbach study? |
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Definition
3 lectures given on tooth decay designed to cause fear, one weak fear, one medium fear, one strong fear.
-Strong fear group generated highest anxiety and rated as interesting but led to least change in dental behaviour
-Low fear lecture resulted in biggest change in behaviour |
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Term
| What is the Janis and Feshbach study evidence for? |
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Definition
| The effectiveness of fear arousal as a method for encouraging a change in behaviour |
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Term
| What is the Cuijpers study into the effectiveness of social inoculation? |
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Definition
Social inoculation programme in Dutch school. Some delivered programme and some didn't and substance abuse rates were compared.
-Those who did programme reported drinking less alcohol but had high rates of cannabis use |
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Term
| What is the Cuijpers study evidence for? |
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Definition
| The effectiveness of social inoculation to prevent substance abuse |
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Term
| What is the Ennett study into the effectiveness of DARE? |
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Definition
8 DARE projects were compared with 25 more or less interactive programmes and students were tested on their knowledge, attitudes, social skills, self-esteem, involvement with police and drug use
-DARE had most effect on knowledge and social skills but least effect on drug use
- biggest changes were for smoking
-DARE was more effective over non interactive programmes but less effective than more interactive programmes |
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Term
| What is the Ennett study evidence for? |
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Definition
| The effectiveness of DARE to prevent substance abuse |
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Term
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Definition
A work based programme to stop employees smoking was carried out.
-Whole workforce based programme did little to reduce smoking
-Competition and incentive based schemes increased individual's attempts to stop smoking |
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Term
| What is the Moher study evidence for? |
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Definition
| The effectiveness of Project CHARLIE to prevent substance abuse |
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Term
| What is the Gromel study? |
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Definition
Australian ambulance crews were monitored when a smoking ban was put in place
-Self reports showed less smoking after ban
-Physiological reports showed smokers were finding other times and places to smoke |
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Term
| What is the Gromel study evidence for? |
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Definition
| The effectiveness of Project CHARLIE to prevent substance abuse |
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