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Structures
Structures and Forces - Mr. J
41
Science
7th Grade
05/14/2021

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Term
Force
Definition
A push or pull that could cause motion. Measured in Newtons (N)
Term
Mass Structure
Definition
A structure that is made by the piling up of materials.
Term
Frame Structure
Definition
A type of structure in which a skeleton of materials supports the weight of the other parts.
Term
Shell Structure
Definition
A type of structure that obtains its strength from a thin, carefully shaped outer layer of material that requires no internal frame.
Term
Manufactured Structure
Definition
An object or a structure that is made by humans.
Term
Natural Structure
Definition
An object or structure that is not made by humans.
Term
Column
Definition
A vertical support.
Term
Beam
Definition
A horizontal support.
Term
Laminate
Definition
A material made by pressing or gluing layers of materials together.
Term
Corrugated
Definition
A layered material in which the middle is folded into a series of triangles to provide extra strength.
Term
Properties
Definition
The characteristics of materials.
Term
Composite Material
Definition
A material made up of different materials, with different properties, to fulfil a specific purpose.
Term
Mobile Joint
Definition
A joint that is designed to allow movement.
Term
Rigid Joint
Definition
A joint designed to hold an object in place.
Term
Adhesive
Definition
A sticky substance that is used to hold objects or materials together.
Term
Mass
Definition
The amount of matter in a substance.
Term
Weight
Definition
The force of gravity exerted on a mass.
Term
Structural Efficiency
Definition
The mass a structure can hold divided by the mass of the structure.
Term
Load
Definition
A force or weight on an object or structure.
Term
Live Load
Definition
The force or forces that act in or on a structure but are not part of the structure.
Term
Dead Load
Definition
The weight of a structure upon itself.
Term
External Force
Definition
The forces applied on a structure.
Term
Internal Force
Definition
The forces present inside the materials of the structure.
Term
Tension Force
Definition
A force that pulls on a material and stretches it apart.
Term
Tensile Strength
Definition
A measure of the largest tension force that a material can withstand before changing shape or breaking apart.
Term
Compression Force
Definition
A force that compacts or squeezes a material.
Term
Compressive Strength
Definition
A measure of the largest compression force that a material can withstand before changing shape or breaking apart.
Term
Torsion Force
Definition
A force that acts on a material by twisting its ends in opposite directions.
Term
Torsion Strength
Definition
A measure of the largest torsion force that a material can withstand and still be able to return to its original shape.
Term
Shear Force
Definition
A force that bends or tears a material by pushing parts in opposite directions.
Term
Shear Strength
Definition
A measure of the largest shear force that a material can withstand before tearing apart.
Term
Snap
Definition
The failure of a material when it elongates under tensile force.
Term
Buckle
Definition
The failure of a material when it folds under compressive force.
Term
Twist
Definition
The failure of a material when it changes shape under torsion forces.
Term
Fatigue
Definition
A weakening of a material due to cycling stress, resulting in small cracks.
Term
Stability
Definition
The level of a structures ability to maintain its shape and position.
Term
Centre of Gravity
Definition
The spot where you would apply gravity on an object. The middle of the mass.
Term
Thrust Line
Definition
The line that runs downward from an object's centre of gravity, through which force is transferred.
Term
Aesthetics
Definition
The properties of an object that make it pleasing to the senses.
Term
Ergonomics
Definition
Design Factors intended to maximize productivity by minimizing fatigue and discomfort of the user.
Term
Criteria / Specifications
Definition
A set of standards or expectations for a design.
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