What is the energy difference btwn

n=3 , n=4

and

n=1,n=2

Include why?

n=3 and n=4 has a smaller energy difference

(they are farther away from nucleus)

compared to

n=1 and n=2

(closer to nucleus)

define the quantum number ' n', 

what does a larger n indicate?

principal quantum number that has a integer value

↑n= ↑energy↑ oribtal radius

*remmeber high energy means more unstable (more likely to engage in chemical rxns they have further from nucleus)

 decides the :

shape and number of subshells within a given principal energy level (shell)

n limits l !

For any given value of n, 'l 'can only have values in the range of :

0 to (n-1)

If n=1, what does that mean in refernce to: 

# subshells

value of 'l'?

n=1

1 subshell

(so the 1st principal energy level has only 1 subshell)

l= 0 (only)

(s)

If n=2, what does that mean in refernce to: 

# subshells

value of 'l'?

2 subshells 

(the 2nd prinipal energy level)

'l '=  0 and 1

(s) and (p)

If n=3, what does that mean in refernce to: 

# subshells

value of 'l'and name the oribtal you are in

3 shells

(3 principal energy level)

l=0, 1, 2

(s,   p,   d )

If n=4, what does that mean in refernce to: 

# subshells

value of 'l'?

4 subshells

The maximum number of the electrons within the any given subshell?

in reference to n& l?

2n²

4l +2 

tells the particular orbital within a  subshell where an electron is highly likely to be found at a given time.

(this tells us that , s shell has 1, p shell has 3, etc)

integers btwn  :

-l     to    + l

including 0

 ex: if l=1

(-1,0,1)

l=0

ml=0

* remember the s shell has  1 oribital

l=1

ml= -1 ,0,1

 the p shell oribtal has '3'oribtals

give # oribitals in the following subshells:

s,p,d,f

s: 1 orbitals

p: 3 

d: 5

f:7

(as you go to next level you add 2)

magnetic spin of the ELECTRON

has values of : +1/2 to - 1/2

E= hf

where h= 6.626 x 10^-34 (Planks)

f= frequency of a photon

(could also be v)

1.Give formula for the frequency of a photon

2. What is the unit for the wavelength

and give the conversion to makeit work in the equation.

f= c

     λ

c= 3 x 10⁸ m/s

(speed  of light )

λ= wavelength (nm)

need  to mult by 10⁹

Give Avagrados constant

Planks

avagrados: 6.023 x 10²³

(there is a holiday celebrated at 6:02,time is always positive)

planks: 6.626 x 10 ^-34

(down the plank)

Define Hund's rule

Pauli's exclusion principal

Hunds: every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with 1 electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.

↑↑  ,   ↑↑  ,(the blue came first)

Pauli: states that no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers. The first three may be similar but the four quantum number must be different.

Cr

Cu

Ag

Au

Fix this config for Cr so that is more stable:

[Ar] 3d⁴ 4s²

Fix this config for Cu so that is more stable:

[Ar] 3d⁹ 4s²

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹

its adding to that big d instead of having more e- furhther from nucleus, makes it more reactive

Fix this config for Ag so that is more stable:

[Kr] 4d⁹ 5s²

fix this config so that is more stable:

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s²

Define 'l'

Define'm_l'

Give the example of the p oribital

l: # of subshells and shape for a value of 'n'

m_l:  tells what  specific oribital where you can find an electron in a subshell.

ex 

n=2

l= 0,1 (2 subshells)

ml=-1 ,0,3 (3 oribitals)

atomic  weight def

give   unit

weight of an element as an average of the isotopes of a particular element

unit:grams  per mole

a different form of the same element (will have a charge b/c it has gained or lossed electrons)

but has a different # of neutrons

do not confused with cations and anions (these happen with rxns etc)

spectrum of light created when an atom's electron's fall to to their ground state from a higher energy level

*remember this causes energy to be released (emitted).

spectrum of light created when an atom's electron's  are excited to  higher energy levels

*remember this requires energy to be absorbed

it is impossible to calc the:

momentum & position of an electron at the SAME time

(remember you can calculate the momentum and velocity at the same time)