Term
| How does gas exchange work? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanical movement of gas or air into and out of the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during cellular metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the pulmonary structures? |
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Definition
- Airways
- Blood vessels
- Chest wall
- Lungs
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Term
| What are the parts of the upper airway? |
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Definition
- Larynx
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
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Term
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Definition
| Conncets upper and lower airways |
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Term
| What are the parts of the lower airways? |
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Definition
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Terminal Bronchioles
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Term
| What parts make up the conducting airways? |
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Definition
- Trachea
- Segmental Bronchi
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Term
| What is the function of conducting airways? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the respiratory units? |
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Definition
- Some bronchioles
- Alveolar ducts
- ** Chart on slide 5
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Term
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Definition
| Where the trachea bifurcates or splits |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary gas exchange units |
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Term
| Alveoli are made up of what type of cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| These epithelial cells provide 2 functions what are they? |
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Definition
- Provide alveolar structure
- secret surfactant
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Term
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Definition
| It decreases the surface tension and facilitates gas exchange |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary gas exchange units |
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Term
| What are Pores of Kohn? and thier function? |
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Definition
- Tiny pores
- Allow for air to pass through the septa from alveolus to alveolus
- Provide collateral ventilation and even air districution
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Term
| How many alveoli do you have at birth? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many alveoli do you have as an adult? |
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Definition
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Term
| When comparing pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation pressure is ... |
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Definition
- lower in pulmonary circulation
- 18 mmHG
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Term
| How many vessels are full with blood at any given time in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| The pulmonary artery divides and enter the lung where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Each bronchus and bronchiole has an ... |
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Definition
| Accompanying artery or arteriole |
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Term
| Characteristics of the alveolar-capillary membrane |
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Definition
- It is the interface of alveolar and capillary walls
- It is a thin membrane
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Term
| The chest wall is in what cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the parts of the chest wall? |
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Definition
- Skin
- Ribs
- Intercostal muscles
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Term
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Definition
| Serous membrane that surrounds the lungs |
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Term
| The pleura is made up of what 2 layers |
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Definition
- Parietal - outside
- Visceral - covers the organ
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Term
| There is a space in between these 2 layers what is it called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is in the pleural space? |
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Definition
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Term
| The pleura has what kind of pressure? |
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Definition
Negative pressure
-4 to -10 mmHg |
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Term
| Where is the respiratory center located in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 areas that are responsible for breathing in the brain stem? |
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Definition
- Dorsal group
- Ventral respiratory group
- Pneumotaxic center
- Apneustic Center
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Term
| Functions of the Dorsal Group |
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Definition
- Inspiration
- Sets automatic rhythm
- Receives input from peripheral chemoreceptors
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Term
| Functions of the Ventral Respiratory Group |
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Definition
- Inspiration and expiration
- Usually inactive
- Active with increased ventilatory effort
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Term
| Function of the Pneumotaxic Center? |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of the Apneustic Center |
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Definition
| Inspiration and Expiration |
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Term
| What system controls ventilation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Autonomic Nervous System do to control ventilation? |
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Definition
- makes smooth muscles contract of relax
- Alters airway lumen diameter
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Term
| What 3 things do Chemoreceptors monitor? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 types of chemoreceptors |
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Definition
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Term
| Central receptors function |
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Definition
- Reflects CO2
- Sense changes in pH of cerebrospinal fluid
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Term
| Peripheral receptors function |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are peripheral receptors located? |
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Definition
| In the aorta and corotid bodies |
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Term
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Definition
Low O2 in arteral blood
Causes low O2 sat |
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Term
| 3 types of Lung receptors |
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Definition
- Irritant Receptors
- Stretch Receptors
- J Receptors
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Term
| Irritant receprots are located where? |
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Definition
| In epithelium of conducting airways |
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Term
| What are irritant receptors sensitive to? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Cough
- Bronchoconstriction
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Term
| Where are stretch receptors located? |
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Definition
| In smooth muscles of airways |
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Term
| What are strech receptors sensitive to? |
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Definition
| Increases in lung size or volume |
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Term
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Definition
| Decrease respiratory rate and volume |
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Term
| Juxtapulmonary capillary or J receptors are located where? |
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Definition
| Near capillaries in alveolar septa |
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Term
| J Receptors are sensitive to what? |
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Definition
| Increased pulmonary capillary pressure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are lung volumes/capacities? |
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Definition
- Dead Space
- TV
- IRV
- ERV
- VC
- Residual Volume
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Term
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Definition
Oropharynx to division 16
Equal to ideal body weight
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Additional air that could be inhaled |
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Term
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Definition
| Remaining air that can be forcefully expired after normal expiration |
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Term
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Definition
Vital capacity
Max air that can enter/leave |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Lowers surface tension on alveolar surface |
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Term
| What are the 2 elastic properties of the lung and chest wall? |
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Definition
- Elastic recoil
- Compliance
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency to return to resting state after inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
Measures distensibility of lung and chest wall
This is oposite of elasticity |
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Term
| What is airway resistance determined by? |
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Definition
- Length
- Radius
- Cross section of airways
- Density
- Viscosity
- Gas Velocity
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Term
| How is work of breathing determined? |
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Definition
| By muscular effort needed for ventilation |
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Term
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Definition
- It is the measurement of lung and chest wall ability to distend
- Degree of "stiffness"
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Term
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Definition
Volume (volume of air moved)/Pressure (force to move the air )
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Term
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Definition
| Increased work of inspiration |
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Term
| Low compliance orrcus when you have what kind of lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Increased work of expiration |
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Term
| What kind of lungs cause high compliance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What major mucles are used on inspiration? |
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Definition
- Diaphragm
- External intercostals
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Term
| What accessory muscles are used on inspiration? |
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Definition
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Scalene
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Term
| What are the major muscles used on expiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the accessory muscles used on expiration? |
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Definition
- Abdomen
- Internal intercostals
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Term
| Why are there no major muscle of expiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What way does your diaphragm move when you inspire? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Smaller the radius of a sphere (alveoli) the greated the surface tension |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lipoprotein that lines the alveolus |
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Term
| What is the function of surfactant? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Decreases surface tension |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases surface tension |
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Term
| What is Barometric pressure at sea level? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is barometric pressure at salt lake city? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is O2 needed on Mt Everest? |
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Definition
| Bc barometric pressure on Mt Eversity is much lower |
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Term
| What are the steps of O2 transport? |
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Definition
- Ventilation of the lungs
- O2 diffusion from alveoli into capilary blood
- Perfsion of systemic capillaries with oxygenated blood
- O2 diffusion from systemic capillaries into cells
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Term
| Steps of Carbon Dioxide gas transport? |
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Definition
- CO2 diffusion from cells into systemic capillaries
- Occurs in reverse order as O2
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Term
| Where does atalectisis occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you do when using an incentive sparamator? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Percent available hemoglobin bound to oxygen |
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Term
| What does a shift to the right mean in the oxyhemoglobin curve? |
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Definition
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Term
What does a shift to the left mean in the oxyhemoglobin curve?
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Definition
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Term
| What are the characteristics of CO2 that is transported in blood? |
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Definition
- Dissolved in plasma
- It is a bicarbonate
- It is a carbamino compound
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Term
| CO2 is how many more times soluble that O2? |
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Definition
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Term
| Late clinical manifestations of hypoxemia |
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Definition
- Stupor
- Decreased BP
- Myocardium receiving inadequate O2
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Term
| What is hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction? |
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Definition
- Blood is shunted to other well ventilated portions of the lungs
- Better ventilation and perfusion matching
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Term
| Chronic alveolar hypoxia can lead to ... |
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Definition
| Pulmonary artery hypertension |
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Term
| What else causes pulmonary artery constriction? |
|
Definition
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