Term
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Definition
Perceived demands exceed a person's perceived ability to cope
Stress should be adaptive |
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Term
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Definition
Sympathomedullary pathway
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System (fight or flight)increased blood pressure, pupil dilation, mobilisation of glycogen, noradrenaline released
SAM system (sympathetic adrenal medullary system) releases adrenaline from the adrenal medulla
Non-emergency bodily processes are suppressed |
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Term
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Definition
HPA (Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis)
Hypothalamus
CRF
Pituitary Gland
ACTH
Adrenal Cortex
Cortisol
Negative feedback |
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Term
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Definition
Kiecolt-Glaser - exam study: NK cell activity reduced
Marucha: punch biopsy. Woulnds took 40% longer to heal at exam time
Relationship stress
Astronauts
Up-regulation & down-regulation
Acute - up-regulation / chronic - Down regulation |
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Term
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Definition
Cardiovascular functioning
Hypertension
Stroke
CHD
Atherosclerosis
Anger/ work-related stress, effect on existing conditions
Depression |
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Term
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Definition
SRRS: Holmes & Rahe Psychic energy required - good or bad
Individual Differences
May be a third variable |
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Term
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Definition
Delongis Gervais: Nurses kept diaries
Men - pets are a hassle / women - pets are an uplift
Accumulation
Amplification
Social support may be greater with life changes |
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Term
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Definition
Workload & control - less control = more stress
Repetition & responsibility (Swedish sawmill)
Role Conflict
Risk of CHD
control, skill use, interpersonal contact |
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Term
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Definition
Tpye A: competitive & achievement striving
Type B: patient, relaxed, easy-going
Type A more likely to have heart attack & engage in risky behaviour e.g. smoking, drinking
Hardy Personality: control, commitment, challenge: Application - hardiness training |
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Term
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Definition
emotion focussed: denial, venting, wishful thinking, drinking etc. May be positive or negative.
Emotion focussed is useful when can't control situation
Problem focussed:Taking control, evaluating pros & cons, suppressing competing activities
Health outcomes
Sometimes both are useful at same time
Problem focussed is related to high self esteem / emotion focussed related to low self-esteem |
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Term
| Psychological methods of Stress Management |
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Definition
SIT (Stress inoculation training): Meichenbaum
Conceptualisation phase
Skills acquisition phase
Application phase
Hardiness Training: Maddi - increase sense of control & self confidence
Focussing
Reliving Stress encounters
Self-improvement |
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Term
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Definition
BZs (Benzodiazepines) enhance the action of GABA. This prevents stimulation of the receptor from other neurotransmitters therefore making you more relaxed
BBs (Beta-blockers) reduce the action of adrenaline & noradrenaline. Block receptors making it harder to stimulate cells in hear, reducing blood pressure & making you feel more relaxed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Time, cost, side effects, treat symptoms not cause, motivation, placebo effect, addiction |
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Term
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Definition
evaluation of drug treatment of stress.
Kahn et al did a study on nearly 250 patients over 8 weeks and found that BZs were superior to placebos. Hildalgo et al found that BZs were more affective at reducing social anxiety than anti- depressants.
A weakness of drug treatments is that they may become addictive as Ashton found that patients who took low doses of BZs started to show withdrawl symptoms when they stopped taking them.
Another weakness is that drugs only treat the symptoms not the problem and as soon as the person stops taking the drugs, the effectiveness stops. |
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Term
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Definition
Fletcher olympic swimmers increased performance. More able to cope with stressors that interfere with training
Good for business perople - staff output |
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Term
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Definition
Raglnad & Brand follow up on CHD 214 men died of CHD - confirms CHD risk factors smoking, drinking.
Little evidence that type A linked to mortality |
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