Term
| Adverse Effects of Lithium |
|
Definition
GI Distress
Nephrotoxicity
hypothyroidism
leukocytosis
tremors
acne
psoriasis flares
hair loss
edema |
|
|
Term
| What Labs should be checked when on Lithium |
|
Definition
Thyroid Fnx
Renal Fnx
B-HcG |
|
|
Term
| 1st indicator of hypovolemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Best Diagnostic test for Meckel's Diverticulum |
|
Definition
| Technetium-99m Pertechnetate Scan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Streptococcus Pneumo (40%)
H. influenzae (25-30%)
Moraxella catarrhalis (10-15) |
|
|
Term
| "Cerebral Salt-wasting Syndrome" |
|
Definition
| May occur in Pts with subarachnoid hemorrhage, or presence of tumor in brain |
|
|
Term
Toxoplasmosis
Headache, weakness, fever, Ring-enhancing lesions
Tx? |
|
Definition
| Sulfadiazine and Pyrimethamine |
|
|
Term
| Dx of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis |
|
Definition
Paracentesis - PMNs >250 and + ascites culture
High suspicion in chronic cirrhosis with ascites who develops abdominal discomfort or altered mental status |
|
|
Term
| Tx for V tach in Hemodynamic Stable Patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Side Effects of Acyclovir |
|
Definition
Nephrotoxic
Poorly soluable in Urine -> precipitates in renal tubules -> obstruction and ARF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hypersensitivity Reaction
occurs 1-2 weeks after admin of:
PCN, Amoxicillin, TMP-SMX, Cefaclor
Most common in kids after treatment of viral infection with antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infection of Lacrimal Sac
Sudden onset of pain and redness in medial canthal region
Purulent discharge from punctum
Usual Bugs
Staph aureus and B-hemolytic Strep |
|
|
Term
| Muscle weakness, Arrhythmias, EKG changes after Albuterol treatment |
|
Definition
| Decreased serum K because B-2 agonists drive K into cells |
|
|
Term
Central Cord Syndrome
Weakness more pronounced in upper extremities than lower |
|
Definition
Occurs with hyperextension injury in elderly
Selective damage to central portion of Anterior Spinal Cord - Central corticospinal tracts and decussating fibers of Lateral Spinothalamic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infant - Cyanosis with feeding, relieved by crying
Back of nasal passage is blocked by abnormal bony or soft tissue
Dx by nasal catheter unable to pass through |
|
|
Term
| Contraindications to Breast Feeding |
|
Definition
Galactosemia
Phenylketouria
Urea cycle defects
Medications:
Radioactive isotopes
Antimetabolites
Chemo
Infections:
Herpes (lesions on breast)
Active TB
HIV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Caused by Bartonella
effects immune suppressed
Cutaneous Lesions - exophytic purple skin masses |
|
|
Term
Radioactive Iodine Uptake
Thyroiditis vs Grave's |
|
Definition
Thyroiditis - Decreased uptake
Grave's - Increased uptake |
|
|
Term
| Whats the best way to improve Left Ventricular Fnx in pts with tachysystolic A Fib? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fatty Liver with Encephalopathy |
|
|
Term
Syphilis
Treatment of Choice |
|
Definition
Benzathine Penicillin G
PCN Allergic: Doxy or Tetracyline
Pregnant and PCN allergic: desensitize to PCN and treat with Benzathine Pen G |
|
|
Term
| Diffuse Cortical and Subcortical Atrophy which is disproportionately greater in Temporal and Parietal lobes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symptoms: Low back pain, bowel and bladder dysfunction, saddle anesthesia, sciatica, lower extremity sensory, motor loss, and weakness, Perianal anesthesia, poor rectal tone, reflex abnormal |
|
|
Term
| Femoral Nerve Innervation |
|
Definition
Motor:
Quadriceps femoris (4parts)
Sartorius
Pectineus
Sensory:
Anterior thigh
Medial Leg |
|
|
Term
| Ovarian Dysgenesis in Turner's Syndrome |
|
Definition
Decreased Estrogen and inability to menstruate
Poor ovarian function causes increased FSH levels due to lack of Negative feedback. |
|
|
Term
Androgen Insensitivity
Testicular Feminization |
|
Definition
Female Phenotype
46 XY Genotype
Testes found in abdomen
Mullerian inhibiting Factor produced by testes and prohibits formation of uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina |
|
|
Term
| Addison's Disease Symptoms |
|
Definition
Anorexia, Fatigue, GI symptoms
Hyperpigmentation
Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Mild hyperchloremic Acidosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neck twisting due to asymmetric muscle activity
Causes: URI, minor trauma, cervical lymphadenitis
Dx: Cervical Spine XR |
|
|
Term
| Post-Strep glomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
Seen 10-20 days after throat or skin infection
Symptoms:
Periorbital swelling, hematuria, oliguria, C3 low |
|
|
Term
| What does raising the cut off point of a test do to sensitiity and specificity? |
|
Definition
Sensitivity - Decreases
Specificity - Increases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increased levels of IgM
Deficiency of IgG and IgA
Poor specific antibody response to immunizations
Recurrent sinopulmonary infections and PJP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Results from injury to bone marrow by Radiation, drugs, insecticides, toxins, or infection
BM - hypocellularity with decrease in all cell lines and fatty infiltration of the marrow |
|
|
Term
| 3 D's of Niacin Deficiency |
|
Definition
| Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia |
|
|
Term
| Why are pts with carcinoid syndrome at increased risk of developing Niacin Deficiency? |
|
Definition
| Increased formation of Serotonin and tryptophan is required to produce niacin |
|
|
Term
| To minimize kidney damage by anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies in Patients with Goodpastures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Attributable Risk Percent |
|
Definition
Measure of the impact of risk factor being studied
ARP = (risk exposed - risk unexposed)/(risk exposed)
ARP = (Relative Risk - 1)/(Relative Risk) |
|
|
Term
| CT scan of Patients with Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| Enlarged Ventricles and Prominent Sulci |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common cause of secondary HTN in kids
Bruit at CVA due to well developed collaterals
Rt renal artery more effected than Lt
"String of Beads" - angiography |
|
|
Term
| Organ effects in Amyloidosis |
|
Definition
Kidney - proteinuria
Liver - inhibition of coagulation factors -> Bruising
Heart - Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Men > Women
Unilateral, sudden onset, severe, retro orbital
Tx: 100% O2 most rapid to abort pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Benzo
common choice of treatment for alcohol withdrawal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hx of normal skin at birth, with gradual progression to dry scaly skin.
Skin - dry, rough with horny plates over extensor surfaces
"Lizard Skin" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pain with eye movements, proptosis, opthalmoplegia, diplopia
Most common cause - Bacterial sinusitis |
|
|
Term
Apophyseal Join Arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitits |
|
Definition
Low back pain and stiffness
Progressive limitation of back motion and chest expansion
Associated Symptoms:
peripheral joint arthritis, anterior uveitis
Increased ESR, (-)RF, HLA-B27
Tx: Pain relief, TNF-alpha antagonist |
|
|
Term
| Best way to check for Nephropathy in Diabetics |
|
Definition
| Random urine microalbumin/Cr Ratio |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gram +
Partially acid-fast
filamentous Branching Rod Aerobe
Found in Soil
Symptoms:
Wt Loss, Fever, night sweats
Cough w/ purulent sputum
Immunocompromised or on chronic corticosteroid therapy
Tx: TMP/SMX |
|
|
Term
| Patients with unexplained elevation of serum CK concentrations - should always consider what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Broad Flat T waves, U waves, ST Depression, premature ventricular beats |
|
|
Term
| Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia |
|
Definition
Abnormal Plasma cells multiply out of control, invade bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen.
Excessive IgM antibody in blood -> hyperviscosity |
|
|
Term
Friedreich Ataxia
Most common cause of Death |
|
Definition
Autosomal recessive
progressive damage to nervous system -> gait disturbances, speech problems
Cardiomyopathy - most common cause of death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Crawl
Pull to stand
Babble
Use mama/dada
respond to own name |
|
|
Term
| Antidote to Iron Poisoning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CSF drainage form central canal of spinal cord is disrupted -> fluid filled cavity that compresses surrounding neural tissues
Most common causes: Arnold Chiari Malformation or SCI
Muscle weakness, sensory loss in upper extremities, impaired pain and temp sensations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cause: Rhizopus
rhino-orbital-cerebral infection
Tx: Surgical Debridement + Amphotericin B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reduce increased intraocular pressure
Mannitol
acetazolamide
Timolol
Pilocarpine
(Avoid Atropine!!) |
|
|
Term
| IgA Nephropathy vs Post-Strep Glomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
IgA - hematuria <5 days after URI, complement normal
Post-strep - hematuria 10 days after pharyngitis, 21 days after Impetigo |
|
|
Term
| MMR vaccine in HIV patients? |
|
Definition
| With CD4 conts >200 and w/out hx or evidence of AIDS-defining illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pts >50yo
Progressive and Bilateral loss of central vision
Results from degeneration and atrophy of outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane and choriocapillaries |
|
|
Term
| Antisocial Personality Disorder |
|
Definition
Disregard for and violation of rights of others. Begins by middle adolescence and continues into adulthood.
Aggressive, impulsive, difficulty maintaining employment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tachypnea
Tracheal deviation away from affected side
Neck vein distention
Decreased breath sounds and hyperresonance to percussion on affect side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Association between brain tumors and Familial Adenomatous polyposis or HNPCC
FAP - Medulloblastomas
HNPCC - High grade Gliomas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker used during rapid-sequence intubation because rapid onset.
Can cause K release, arrhythmias - should not be used in pts with high risk for hyperkalemia - burn or crush injuries, Guillain-Barre, Tumor Lysis syndrome |
|
|
Term
Cystathionine Synthase Deficiency
Homocystinuria |
|
Definition
Autosomal Recessive
Results from erros in methionine Metabolism
Classic Homocystinuria = Marfan's + thromboembolic event |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Upper and Lower motor neurons lesions
Spasticity, bulbar symptoms
exaggerated deep tendo reflexes -> upper motor lesions
Fasciculations -> lower motor lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unexplained hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia in pt w/ renal failure and neurologic symptoms
Tx: Plasmapheresis (plasma exchange) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Parenchymal bruising of the Lungs
CSR - patchy irregular alveolar infiltrate
ABG - hypoxemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infection with Echinococcus granulosus
Contracted from close contact with Dogs
CT - "eggshell"
Aspirations no indicated due to risk of anaphylactic shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Autosomal Dominant
Defect in erythrocyte membrane - spectrin
Anemia, spherocytosis, splenomegaly, increased osmotic fragility, Target cells, increased retic count
Should be supplemented with folic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Treatment for Depression
inhibits NEpi and Dopamine reuptake
Not associated with sexual side effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Treat Anxiety
Not associated with sexual side effects |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Postpartum Hemorrhage |
|
Definition
Administer Oxytocin immediately
Fundal or bimanual massage
IV access
Crystalloid infusion to keep SBP >90
PRBCs |
|
|
Term
| Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
Dense Intramembranous deposits that stain for C3
Caused by IgG antibodies directed against C3 convertase or Alternative Pathway |
|
|
Term
| Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis |
|
Definition
Heavy Protinuria, Rapid Renal Failure
Most common form of kidney damage in HIV |
|
|
Term
Borderline Personality
Cluster B
(Dramatic, Emotional) |
|
Definition
Unstable interpersonal relationships and marked impulsivity
Swing between devaluing and idealizing others
Wholly Good or Wholly Bad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ethosuximide and Valproic Acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pheochromocytoma
Medullary carcinoma of Thyroid
Hyperparathyroidism
All have C-cell hyperplasia -> increased serum calcitonin levels
**Measure Serum Calcitonin levels** |
|
|
Term
| Central Retinal Artery Occlusion |
|
Definition
Secondary to Embolism
Painless loss of monocular vision
Risks:
CAD, Endocarditis, CVD, long bone fracture, hypercoagulable, vaxculitis
Immediate intervention -> ocular massage + high flow O2 |
|
|
Term
| Tuberoinfundibular Pathway |
|
Definition
Neurons secrete Dopamine, which inhibits prolactin release from anterior pituitary
Dopamine antagonist limit dopamine's ability to inhibit prolactin -> increased prolactin levels |
|
|
Term
Side effects of Protease Inhibitors
(Indinavir) |
|
Definition
| Crystal-induced nephropathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most common primary Bone tumor in kids and young adults.
Boys 13-16
Occurs at metaphyses of long bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell Mediate Hypersensitivity reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Occurs from Pneumonia
pH - <7.2 indicates empyema and indicates removal of fluid |
|
|
Term
| Apple-green birefringence under polarized light after congo red stain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with Endometrial carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Common Findings seen in Anorexia Patients |
|
Definition
1. Osteoporosis
2. increased cholesterol and carotene levels
3. Prolong QT interval
4. Euthyroid sick syndrome
5. H-P Axis dysfunction -> anovulation, amenorrhea
6. Hyponatremia - excess water drinking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic growth of hard palate |
|
|
Term
| Mass in Middle Mediastinum |
|
Definition
Bronchogenic Cysts
Tracheal Tumors
Pericardial Cysts
Lymphoma
Lymph node enlargement
Aortic aneurysms |
|
|
Term
| Mass in Anterior Mediastinum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mass in Posterior Mediastinum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
5 A's
Affective Flattening
Alogia
Apathy
Asociality
Attention
Best controlled with Atypical Antipsychotics:
Risperidone
Clozapine
Olanzapine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Transient arrest of erythropoiesis
Severe drop in Hgb and absence of reticulocytes on peripheral smear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Visual loss - monocular and transient
"like a curtain falling down"
Caused by retinal emboli from ipsilateral carotic artery |
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|
