Term
Lymph Node
Follicle
Medulla
Paracortex |
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Definition
Follicle- B cell localization
Medulla - Cords with lymphocytes and plasma cells, Sinuses with reticular cells and macrophages
Paracortex- T cells, high endothelial venues |
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Term
Lymph drainage
Stomach
Duodenum, Jejunum
Sigmoid colon
Above pectinate line
Below pectinate line
Testes
Scrotum
Thigh
Lateral side of the food |
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Definition
Stomach - Celiac
Duodenum, Jejunum - Superior mesenteric
Sigmoid colon - colic > inf mesenteric
Above pectinate line - internal iliac
Below pectinate line - superficial inguinal
Testes - para aortic
Scrotum - superficial inguinal
Thigh - superficial inguinal
Lateral side of the food - popliteal |
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Term
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Definition
Sinusoids - macrophages, barrell hoop BM, red pulp
PALS - T cells, in white pulp
Follicles - B cells, white pulp |
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Term
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Definition
| Dec IgM, leads to decreased complement activation, dec C3b opsonization, increased susceptibility to encapsulated organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| S pneumo, H flu, N meningitidis, Salmonella, Klebsiella, GBS |
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Term
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Definition
T cell differentiation and maturation
Epithelium of the 3rd branchial pouch
Cortex - immature T cells (pos selection)
Medulla - mature T cells, epithelial reticular cells containing Hassel's corpuscles (neg selection) |
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Term
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Definition
HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C
Binds TCR and CD8
Expressed on all nucleated cells
Mediates viral immunity
*Pairs with B2-microglobulin |
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Term
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Definition
HLA-DR, DQ, DP
Binds TCR and CD4
Expressed on only antigen presenting cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Psoriasis
Anklyosing Spondylitis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Reiter's syndrome |
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Definition
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Definition
MS
Hay fever
SLE
Goodpastures |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Pernicious anemia
Hashimotos Thyroiditis |
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Term
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Definition
Use perforin and granzymes to induce apoptosis of virally infected cells and tumor cells
Enhances by IL-2,IL-12, IFN-B, IFN-a
Induced to kill when exposed to nonspecific activation signal or *absence of MHC1 on target cell surface |
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Term
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Definition
Make Ab -
IgG- opsonize bacteria, neutralize viruses, Type 2 and 3 HS rxn
IgG, IgM - activate complement
IgE - Sensitize Mast Cells, Allergy (type 1 HS Rxn)
Hyperacute and humorally mediated acute an chronic organ rejection |
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Term
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Definition
CD4 - help B cells make Ab and produce cytokines
CD8 - kill virus infected cells directly
*Delayed cell mediated hypersensitivity rxn
Acute and chronic cellular organ rejection |
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Term
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Definition
Pos selection: Thymic cortx t cells expressing TCRs capable of binding surface self MHC molecules survive
Neg selection: Medulla T cells expressing surface TCRs with high affinity for self antigens undergo apoptosis |
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Term
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Definition
Foreign body is phagocytozied by dendritic cell
Foreign antigen is presented with MHC 2 and recognized by TCR on Th
Costimulatory signal is given by interaction of B7 and CD28
Th cell activates and produces cytokines. Able to recognize and kill infected cell |
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Term
| B cell activation and class switching |
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Definition
B cell receptor mediated endocyotsis
Foreign antigen is presented on MHC 2 and recognized by TCR on Th cell
CD40 R (B cell) binds CD40L (T cell)
Th cell secretes cytokines to determine Ig class switching on B cell |
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Term
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Definition
Th1: Secretes IFNg (Mac), IL-2 (Tcells); inhibited by IL-4, and IL-10
Mac-lymph interaction: stimulate each other
Th2: Secretes IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13
Recruits eosinophils for parasite defense and promotes IgE production from B cells
Inhib by IFN-g |
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Term
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Definition
Kill virus infected, neoplastic and donor graft cells by inducing apoptosis
Release perforin, granzyme (serene protease act apoptosis), and granulysin (antimicrobial, induce apoptosis) |
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Definition
Helps maintain specific immune response by suppressing CD4 and CD8 T cell effector functions
Express CD3, CD4, and CD25 cell surface markers
Prod anti inflamm cytokines like IL-10, TGF-B |
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Term
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Definition
| Fc portion of IgG and IgM fixes complement |
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Term
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Definition
Main Ab in delayed response to antigen, most abundant
Fixes complement, crosses placenta, opsonizes bacteria, neutralizes bacterial toxins and viruses |
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Term
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Definition
Mucus membrane. Monomer in circulation, dimer when secreted.
Located in early breast milk |
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Term
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Definition
Immediate response to antigen
Fixes complement, antigen R on the surface of B cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Found on the surface of many B cells and in serum |
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Term
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Definition
Binds mast cells and basophils
Cross links when exposed to allergen, mediating Type 1 HS Rxn via release of histamine |
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Definition
MAC defends against GN bacteria
Classic - IgG or IgM mediated
Alternative - microbe surface molecules
Lectin - mannose or other microbial sugars |
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Term
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Definition
C3b - opsonization (along with IgG)
C3a, C5a - anapylaxis
C5a - neutrophil chemotaxis
C5b-9 - cytolysis by MAC |
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Term
| C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency |
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Definition
| Hereditary angioedema, ACE inhibitors are CI'd |
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Term
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Definition
| Severe recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infections; inc susceptibility to type 3 HS rxns |
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Term
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Definition
| Recurrent neisseria bacteremia |
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Term
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Definition
| complement mediated lysis of RBCs and PNH |
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Term
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Definition
| IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-a |
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Definition
Endogenous pyrogen
Activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules
Chemokine secretion to recruit neutrophils |
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Term
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Definition
Pyrogen, secreted by Th-2 also
Stim acute phase proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Major chemotactic factor for Neutrophils |
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Term
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Definition
Induces diff of T cells into Th1 cells
Activates NK cells
Also secreted by B cells |
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Term
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Definition
mediates septic shick
Activates endothelium
Causes leukocyte recruitment, vascular leak |
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Term
| Cytokines secreted by T cells |
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Definition
All - IL-2, IL-3
Th1 - IFN-g
Th2 - IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 |
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Definition
| Stimulates growth of T helper, cytotoxic and Regulatory T cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Supports growth of Bone marrow stem cells |
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Term
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Definition
Activates Macrophages and Th1 cells
Suppresses Th2 cells
Antoviral and antitumor properties |
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Term
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Definition
Differentiation into Th2 cells
Promotes growth of B cells
Class switching to IgG and IgE |
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Term
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Definition
Differentiation of B cells
Class switching to IgA
Differentiation of eosinophils |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammatory response
Inhibits actions of activated T cells and Th1 |
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Term
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Definition
Place uninfected cells in an antiviral state
Induce production of ribonuclease that inhibits viral protein synthesis by degrading viral mRNA
a and B- interfere with viral protein synthesis
g - inc MHC 1 and 2 expression and antigen presentation |
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Term
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Definition
T cells - TCR, CD3, CD28
Th cells - CD4, CD40L
Cytotoxic T cells - CD8
B cells - IgD, IgM, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD40, MHC 2, B7
Macrophages - CD14, CD40, MHC 2, B7
NK cells - CD16, CD56 |
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Term
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Definition
| Cross link the B region of the T cell receptor to the MHC 2 on APCs. Can activate T cell leading to massive cytokine release |
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Term
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Definition
| Directly stim macrophages by binding to Endotoxin R on CD14 |
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Term
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Definition
Microorganism retains its capacity for transient growth within inoculated host. Induces a cellular response
Induces long lasting immunity
Measles, mumps, polio, rubella, varicella, yellow fever, intranasal flu |
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Term
| Inactiavted or killed vaccine |
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Definition
Maintains epitope structure on surface antigens, induces humoral immunity
Booster needed
Cholera, hep A, polio (salk), rabies |
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Term
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Definition
Anaphylactic and atopic
Free antigen cross links IgE on presensitized mast cells and basophils
Releases histamine
"Wheal and Flare reaction" |
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Term
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Definition
Cytotoxic (Ab mediated)
IgM and IgG bind to fixed Ag on enemy cell, leading to cellular destruction
Opsonization, Complement lysis, Ab-dep cell mediated cytotoxicity |
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Term
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Definition
Immune complex - Ag/Ab
Activate complement, neutrophils release lysosomal enzymes
Serum Sickness, Arthrus Rxn |
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Term
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Definition
Type 3 HS Rxn
Ab against foreign proteins are produced, deposit in membranes where they fix complement
Fever, urticaria, arthralgias, proteinuria, lymphadenopathy 5-10 days after exposure |
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Term
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Definition
Type 3 HS Rxn
Local subacute Ab mediated hypersensitivity
Intradermal injection of antigen induces antibodies
Edema, necrosis and activation of complement (5-12 hrs) |
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Term
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Definition
Delayed (T cell mediated)
Sensitized T cells encounter antigen, release lymphokines, leads to Macrophage activation
Transplant rejection, TB skin tests |
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Term
| Febrile Nonhemolytic transfusion rxn |
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Definition
Type 2 HS Rxn
Host Ab against donor HLA antigens and leukocytes
Fever, HA, Chills, flushing |
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Term
| Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Rxn |
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Definition
Type 2 HSN Rxn
Intravascular hemolysis or extravascular hemolysis
Fever, hypotension, tachypnea, tachrcardia, flank pain, hemoglobinemia, jaundice |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Drug induced lupus
"sounds like mefepristone = drug" |
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Term
| Rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP |
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Definition
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Term
| Anti-Scl-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase 1) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Primary biliary cirrhosis |
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Term
| IgA antiendomysial, IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein) |
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Definition
| Mixed connective tissue dz |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Anti-glutamate decarboxylase |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Microscopic polyangiitis, Churg Strauss syndrome |
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Term
| No T cell immunodeficiency |
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Definition
Bacterial sepsis
CMV, EBV, VZV, chronic infection with resp/GI viruses
Candida, PCP |
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Term
| No B cell immunodeficiency |
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Definition
Encapsulated organisms (SHiN SKiS)
Enteroviral encephalitis, poliovirus (live vaccine CI'd)
GI giardiasis (no IgA) |
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Term
| No Granulocyte immunodeficiency |
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Definition
Staph, Burkholderia cepacia, Serratia, Nocardia
Candida, Aspergillus |
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Term
| X linked Brutons Agammaglobulinemia |
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Definition
X linked recessive (boys)
Defect in BTK (tk gene) > no B cell maturation
Recurrent bacterial infections after 6 months
Dec B cells and Dec Immunoglobulins |
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Term
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Definition
Unkown
Majority asymptomatic, sinopulmonary infections
Anaphylaxis to IgA containing blood products
IgA < 7, False pos B-HCG tests due to heterophile Ab |
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Term
| Common Variable immunodeficiency |
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Definition
Defect in B cell maturation
Can be acquired in 20-30s,
Inc risk AI dz, lymphoma, sinopulm infections
Dec Plasma cells, Immunoglobulin |
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Term
| Thymic Aplasia (DiGeorge) |
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Definition
22q11 deletion, failure to dev 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches
Tetany, recurrent viral/fungal infections, congenital heart and great vessel dz
Dec T cells, Dec PTH, Dec Ca |
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Term
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Definition
Dec Th1 response
Disseminated mycobacterial infections
Dec IFN-g |
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Term
| Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job's syndrome) |
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Definition
Th1 cells fail to produce IFN-g > inability of neurtrophils to respond to chemotactic stimuli
Coarse facies, cold staph abscess, retained primary teeth, Inc IgE, Dermatologic problems |
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Term
| Chronic Mucocutaneous candidiasis |
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Definition
T cell dysfunction
Candida albicans infections of skin and mucus membranes |
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Term
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Definition
Defective IL-12, adenosine Deaminase def
FTT, chronic diarrhea, thrush, recurrent infections, absence of thymic shadow
Tx: BM transplant
Dec T cell recombinant excision circles |
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Term
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Definition
Defects in the ATM gene which codes for DNA repair enzymes
Triad: cerebellar dysfunction, spider angioma, IgA deficiency
Inc AFP, poor smooth pursuit of moving targets |
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Term
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Definition
Defective CD40L on helper T cells > no class switching
Severe pyogenic infections early in life
Inc IgM, dec other types |
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Term
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Definition
X linked; in WAS Gene on X chromosome
T cells unable to reorganize actin cytoskeleton
Triad: Thrombocytopenic purpura, infections, eczema
Inc IgE, IgA, Dec IgM, thrombocytopenia |
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Term
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Definition
Defect in LFA - integrin (CD18) protein on phagocytes
Recurrent bacterial infections, absent pus formation, delayed separation of the umbilical cord
Neutrophilia |
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Term
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Definition
Autosomal recessive; defect in lysosomal trafficking (LYST)
Microtubule dysfunction in phagosome-lysosome fusion
Recurrent pyogenic infections by Staph and Strep
Partial Albinism, peripheral neuropathy
Giant granules in neutrophils |
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Term
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Definition
Lack of NADPH oxidase > dec reactive oxygen species and absent respiratory burst in neutrophils
Inc susceptibility to catalase pos organisms (S. aureus, E coli and Aspergillus)
Nitro blue tetrazolium dye test > blue=normal function |
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Term
| Hyperacute transplant rejection |
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Definition
Within minutes
Ab mediated (type 2) because of pre formed anti-donor Abs
Occludes vessels causing ischemia and necrosis |
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Term
| Acute transplant rejection |
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Definition
Weeks later
Cell mediated due to CTLs reacting against foreign MHCs
Reversible with immunosuppressants
Vasculitis of graft vessels with dense interstitial lump infiltrate |
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Term
| Chronic transplant rejection |
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Definition
months to years
Class 1, MHC non self is perceived by CTLs as self MHC 1 presenting Ag
Irreversible - T cell and Ab mediated vascular damage (fibrosis) |
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Term
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Definition
Grafted immunocompetent T cells proliferate in the irradiated immunocompromised diseased host
Maculopapular rash, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly and diarrhea
Usually in BM and liver transplant |
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Term
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Definition
Binds to cyclophilins - Blocks diff and act of T cells by inhibiting calcineurin, thus preventing IL-2 formation
Suppresses organ rejection
Nephrotoxic, HTN, hyperlipidemia, gingival hyperplasia
Diurese with mannitol to prevent nephrotoxicity |
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Term
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Definition
Binds FK-binding protein, inhibiting calcineurin and IL-2
Organ transplant recipeients
Nephrotox, HTN, hyperlipidemia |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits mTOR, inhibits T cell proliferation in response to IL-2
Immunosuppression after kidney transplantation, drug eluting stents
Hyperlipidemia, Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia |
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Term
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Definition
Antimetabolite precursor of 6-MP that interferes with metabolism and synthesis of nucleic acids
Kidney transplant, autoimmune disorders (glomerulonephritis and hemolytic anemia)
BM suppression, effects increased by allopurinol |
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Term
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Definition
Monoclonal Ab that binds CD3 on T cells. Blocks cell to cell transduction
Kidney transplant
Cytokine release syndrome, hypersensitivity reaction |
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Term
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Definition
Renal Cell Carcinoma, metastatic melanoma
IL-2 |
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Term
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Definition
GCSF
Recovery of bone marrow |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Opreluekin (IL-11), Thrombopoietin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
CD3- OKT3
Prevent acute transplant rejection |
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Term
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Definition
TNF-a
Chron's dz, RA, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevents cardiac ischemia in unstable angina |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| CD20, B cell non hodgkin lymphoma |
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Definition
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