Term
|
Definition
Rostral closure- sternal defects
Lateral closure- omphalocele, gastroscesis
Caudal closure- bladder exstrophy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Due to vascular accident
"Apple peel atresia" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extrusion of abdominal contents though the abdominal folds, not covered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, covered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
6th week- herniates through the umbilical ring
10th week- returns to the abdominal cavity and rotates around the SMA |
|
|
Term
| Pancreas and Spleen embryo |
|
Definition
Pancreas is from foregut. Ventral bud becomes the head and main duct
Annular pancreas- ventral pancreatic bud encircles 2nd part of the duodenum
Pancreatic divisum- ventral and dorsal parts fail to fuse
Spleen- from mesentery of the stomach, but supplied by foregut |
|
|
Term
| Retroperitoneal structures |
|
Definition
Suprarenal gland
Aorta and IVC (IVC on R, aorta on the L)
Duodenum (2nd and 3rd parts)
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (descending and ascending)
Kidneys
Esophagus (lowers 2/3)
Rectum (lower 2/3) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Liver to abdominal wall
Contains teres hepatis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Liver to duodenum
Contains the portal triad
Connects greater and lesser sacs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Liver to lesser curve of stomach
gastric arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Greater curvature to the transverse colon
Contains the gastroepiploic arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Greater curvature of stomach and spleen
Contains the short gastrics and left epiploic vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spleen to post abdominal wall
Contains Splenic artery and vein, tail of pancreas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Submucosa contains the Meissner's plexus
Muscularis externa contains the Myenteric (Auerbachs plexus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Esophagus- nonkeritinized SS
Duodenum- Villi and MV, Brunners glands, Crypts of Lierberkuhn
Jejunum- Plicae circularis, and crypts of Lieberkuhn
Ileum- Peyers patches, plicae, crypts of lieberkuhn; *largest number of goblet cells in small intestine
Colon- crypts, but no villi, numerous goblet cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Celiac artery
Vagus N
T12/L1
Stomach to proximal duodenum, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SMA
Vagus N
L1
Distal duodenum to prox 2/3 transverse colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IMA
Pelvic N
L3
Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to upper part of rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Common Hepatic > Gastroduodenal, HAP, R gastric Artery
Splenic > L gastroepiploic, Short gastric
Left Gastric > esophageal branch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sup epigastric (int thoracic) <> Inf epigastric (ext iliac)
Sup pancreatoduodenal (celiac) <> Inf pancreatoduo (SMA)
Middle colic (SMA) <> Left colic (IMA)
Superior rectal (IMA) <> Middle and inf rectal (interal iliac) |
|
|
Term
| Portosystemic anastamoses |
|
Definition
Esophagus: L gastric <> esophageal
Umbilicus: paraumbilical <> sup/inf epigastric (below) and sup epigastric and lateral thoracic (above)
Rectum: Sup rectal <> middle and inf rectal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Adenocarcinoma
Supply from the Sup Rectal Aa (branch of IMA)
Venous drainage to the Sup rectal vein (Inf mesenteric vein)
Lymph drainage to deep nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Supply from Inf Rectal Aa (branch internal pudendal)
Venous drainage to Inf rectal vein (branch internal pudendal)
Lymph drainage to superficial inguinal nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Zone 1- most susceptible to viral hepatits (periportal)
Zone 3- ischemia and toxins, alcohol (pericentral) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lateral to Medial: NAVEL
Femoral triangle: NAV
Femoral nerve does not extend down into the femoral ring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Deep inguinal ring in the transverses abdominus
External spermatic fascia from external oblique
Cremasteric muscle from internal oblique
Internal spermatic fascia from transversals fascia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Through the internal inguinal ring and into scrotum
Enters lateral to the inf epigastric argery
Occurs mostly in infant males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Protrudes through the inguinal triangle
Directly through abdominal wall, medial to inf epigastric artery
In older males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Protrudes blow the inguinal ligament
More common in women
Leading cause of bowel incarceration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G cells of the stomach (antrum)
Inc Gastric H secretion, Inc growth of mucosa, inc motility
Inc by distention, alkalization, amino acids, peptides, vagal stim
Dec by stomach pH <1.5
Increased in ZE syndrome
*Phe and Tryp are potent stimulators |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I cells in the duodenum, jejunum
Inc pancreatic secretion, inc gallbladder contraction, Inc SOO relaxation
Dec gastric emptying
Inc by FA, AA
CCK acts on neural muscarinic pathways to cause secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S cells duodenum
Inc pancreatic HCO3 secretion, Dec gastric acid secretion
Inc by acid, FA in lumen of duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
D cells pancreas
Dec ALL secretions
Inc by acid, dec by vagal stimulation
Octreotide is the drug |
|
|
Term
| Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) |
|
Definition
K cells of duodenum, jejunum
Dec gastric H secretion, Inc insulin release
Inc by FA, AA, oral glucose |
|
|
Term
| Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) |
|
Definition
PS ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, SI
Inc intestinal water and electrolyte secretion, inc relax of Mm
Inc by distention and vagal stim, dec by adrenergic input |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pancreatic cell tumor that secretes VIP
Watery diarrhea, Hypokalemia and Achlohydria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small intestine
Produces migrating motor complexes
Inc in fasting state
Erythromycin is a motilin agonist, used to stim peristalsis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Parietal cells (stomach)
Vitamin B 12 binding protein, required for uptake in ileum
Autoimmune destruction leads to pernicious anemia and gastritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Parietal cells (stomach)
Inc by Histamine, ACh, and gastrin
Dec by somatostatin, GIP, prostaglandin, secretin
Gastrinoma- causes high levels of aced secretion and ulcers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chief cells (stomach)
Protein digestion
Inc by vagal stimulation, local acid
Pepsinogen is cleaved to pepsin by H+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mucosal cells
Neutralizes acid
Inc by pancreatic and biliary secretion with secretin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stimulated by Ach fro vagus nerve
Blocked by Atropine
Stimulates Gq > IP3/Ca > ATPase to increase H secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stimulated by gastrin from G cells, via vagus nerve
Stimulates Gq > IP3/Ca2 > Stim ATPase to inc H secretion
No effective inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stimulated by Histamine from ECL cell (which stim by gastrin)
Blocked by H2 blockers
Act cAMP > activate ATPase |
|
|
Term
Prostaglandins/Misoprostol
Somatostatin |
|
Definition
| Ativate Gi which blocks cAMP, blocking ATPase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Block ATPase, decreasing acid secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Located in the duodenal submucosa
Secretes alkaline mucus
Hypertrophy seen in peptic ulcer disease |
|
|
Term
| Location of cells in stomach |
|
Definition
Fundus - none
Body- Parietal cells, Chief cells
Antrum- D cells, mucus cells, G cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a-amylase: starch digestion
Lipase: fat digestion
Proteases: protein digestion (secreted as proenzymes)
Trypsinogen: converted to active trypsin by enterokinase in the duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Salivary amylase- Hydrolyzes a-1,4 linkages to yield disacc
Panc Amylase- hydrolyzes to oligo and disaccharides
Oligosacc hydrolases- At brush border of intestine, RLE in carb digestion, produces monosaccharides from oligo and disaccharides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Only monosaccharides can be absorbed (glucose, galactose, fructose)
SGLT1- takes up glucose and galactose
GLUT5- takes up fructose, facilitated diffusion
GLUT2- transports all to the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Iron- absorbed as Fe2 in the duodenum
Folate- Absorbed in the jejunum
B12- absorbed in the terminal ileum along with bile acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue found in the Lamina propria and submucosa of the ileum
Contains specialized M cells that take up antigen
B cells stimulated in the germinal centers differentiate into IgA secreting plasma cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Composed of bile salts (bile acid conjugated to glycine or taurine)
Cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase catalyzes the RLS
For digestion and absorption of lipids and fat soluble vit
For cholesterol excretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Product of heme metabolism
Direct- conjugated with glucuronic acid- water soluble
Indirect- unconjugated, NOT water soluble |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pleomorphic adenoma- Benign, most common. Painless mobile mass. Made of cartilage and epithelium
Warthins tumor- benign cystic tumor with germinal centers
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma- most common malignant tumor, mucinous and squamous components. Painful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Loss of myenteric (auerbachs plexus)
Inc risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
*birds beak appearance on barium swallow
Can arise from chagas disease or CREST syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Candida- white pseudomembrane
HSV-1- punched out lesions
CMV- linear ulcers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transmural esophageal rupture due to violent retching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dysphagis
Glossitis
Iron deficiency anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Glandular metaplasia
Replacement of non keritinized squamous epithelium with intestinal non ciliated columnar epithelium
Inc risk esophageal adenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Squamous- Achalasia, Alcohol, cigarettes, diverticula, esophageal web, hot liquids
Adeno- Barrett's cigarettes, obesity, GERD
In US, adenocarcinoma is more common. Worldwide= squamous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Unknown cause, responds to Abx
Affects entire small bowel
Megaloblastic anemia from folate def |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tropheryma Whipplei
PAS pos, foamy macrophages in lamina propria
*cardiac symptoms, arthralgias, neurologic symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Autoimmune intolerance of Gliadin, leading to steatorrhea
*HLA-DQ2, DQ8
Anti-endomysial, anti-tissueglutaminase, anti-gliadin Abs
Blunting of villi and lymphs in LP
Assoc with dermatitis herpetidormis and T cell lymphoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lactase deficiency
Normal villi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dec synth of apolipoprotein B
Inability to generate chylomicrons, dec secretion of cholesterol, VLDL into the blood stream
*presents in early childhood with malabsorption and neurologic manifestations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Due to CF, obstruction or chronic pancreatitis
Causes malabsorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Disruption of the mucous barrier
Can be caused by stress, NSAIDs, alcohol, uremia, burns (curling ulcers- dec plasma volume, slough gastric mucous) and brain injury (cushing ulcer- inc vagal stim, inc Ach, inc H) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type A (fundus, body)- Autoimmune, AutoAb to parietal cells, pernicious anemia, achlohydria
Type B (antrum)- H pylori, inc risk of MALT lymphoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gastric hypertrophy with protein loss, parietal cell atrophy, and inc mucus cells. Precancerous
*rugae of stomach are very hypertrophied, looks like gyro |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Adenocarcinoma (almost always), presents acanthosis nigricans
Intestinal- assoc Hpylori, dietary nitrosamines, achlohydria, chronic gastritis, type A blood, on lesser curvature
Diffuse- signet ring cells, grossly thickened and leathery
*linitus plastica |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Virchow's node- left supraclavicular node
Krukenberg tumor- bilateral mets to ovaries, signet ring cells
Sister Mary Joseph node- Subq periumbilical mets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pain with meals, weight lots
H pylori infection in 70%
Can also be caused by NSAIDs
Increased risk of carcinoma
Often in older patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decreased pain with meals
H pylori in almost ALL cases
Zollinger Ellison syndrome
Generally benign
Hypertrophy of brunner's glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Disordered response to intestinal bacteria
Any part of GI tract, skip lesions, rectal sparing
*transmural inflammation, cobblestone, creeping fat
*string sign
Non caseating granulomas and lymphoid aggregates
Migratory polyarthritis, erythema nodosum, kidney stones
Tx: azathioprine, methotrexate, infliximab, adalimumab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Autoimmune
Continuous colonic lesions, *always with rectal involvement
Friable mucosa psueodpolyps, loss of polyps "lead pipe"
Sclerosing cholangitis, toxic megacolon, colorectal carcinoma
Polyderma gangenosum, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, , anklylosing spondylitis
Sulfasalazine, 6-MP, infliximab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Recurrent abdominal pain associated with 2 or more:
Pain improves with defecation
Change in stool freqeuncy
Change in appearance of stool |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
False diverticulum, herniation of mucosal tissue at Killian's triangle
*between the thyropharyngeal and cricopharyngeal parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
True diverticulum
Persistence of the vitelline duct
May contain ectopic secreting gastric tissue
Can cause itussception, volvulus, or obstruction
2 inches long, 2 ft from ileocecal valve, 2% of population, first two years of life, 2 types of epithelium
Dx vis pertechnetate study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mostly occur at the cecum or the sigmoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Congenital megacolon, lack of enteric nerve plexus
*Failure of NC migration
DIlated portion proximal to the aganglionic segment
Risk increases with DS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Early, bilious vomiting. Double bubble appearance on XR
Failure of recanalization of the small bowel
Assoc with DS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Necrotizing enterocolitis |
|
Definition
Necrosis of the intestinal mucosa
Colon is usually involved, but can involve the entire GI tract
More common in preemies due to dec immunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reduction in the intestinal blood flow
*Pain out of proportion for the physical findings
Pain after eating, weight loss
Common at splenic flexure and distal colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most common cause of small bowel obstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tortuous dilation of the vessels > hematochezia
In cecum, terminal ileum and ascending colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Precancerous
*villous is more likely malignant (think villainous) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most common non neoplastic polyp in colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mostly sporadic lesions in children <5
80% in rectum
If single, no malignant potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Autosomal dominant syndrome featuring multiple nonmalignant hamartomas throughout the GI tract
*Hyperpigmented mouth, lips, hands, genitalia
Inc risk of colorectal cancer and other malignancies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rectosigmois > ascending > descending
Ascending- exophytic mass, iron def anemia, wt loss
Descending- infiltrating, partial obstruction, colicky pain, hematochezia
*Fe deficiency anemia in males > 50
Apple core lesion seen on barium enema
CEA tumor marker good for monitoring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Autosomal dominant mutation of APC gene on 5q
2 hit hypothesis
100% progress to CRC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FAP + osseous and soft tissue tumors, congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FAP + malignant CNS tumor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AD mutation of DNA mismatch repair genes
80% progress to CRC
Proximal colon is always involved |
|
|
Term
| Molecular pathogenesis of CRC |
|
Definition
Micro satellite instability pathway, DNA repair gene mutation
APC/B catenin- chromosomal instability
*Loss of APC, then KRAS then p53 ("AK-53) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neuroendocrine cells
Most commonly the appendix, ileum, and rectum
*dense core bodies seen on EM
Often produces serotonin > wheezing, R sided heart murmurs, diarrhea, flushing
*If confined to GI tract, no symptoms because liver metabolizes the serotonin
Tx Octreotide, somatostatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rare, often fatal hepatoencephalopathy
Fatty liver, hypoglycemia, vomiting, hepatomegaly, coma
*Viral infection treated with aspirin
ASA meabolites dec b oxidation by reversible inhibition of mitochondrial enzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Short term change with moderate alcohol intake
Macrovesicular fatty change that may be reversible with alcohol cessation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Swollen and necrotic hepatocytes with neutrophilic infiltration
*Mallory bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Micronodular, irregularly shrunken liver with hobnail appearance
Sclerosis around central vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inc incidence assoc with HepB and C, Wilsons disease, hemachromatosis, a1 antitrypsin, alcoholic cirrhosis, carcinogens
Inc AFP, may lead to Budd-Chiari syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Common benign liver tumor, occurs at age 30-50
Biopsy contraindicated for risk of hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Benign, probably from OCP use or steroids
Regress sponatneously |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Malignant tumor of endothelial origin
Assoc with exposure to arsenic, polyvinyl chloride |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Occlusion of the IVC or hepatic veins
Centrilobular congestion and necrosis
May develop varices, have evident distention of veins
*No JVD
Assoc with hypercoaguable states, PCV, pregnancy, HCC |
|
|
Term
| a1-antitrypsin Deficiency |
|
Definition
Misfolded gene produce protein aggregates in hepatocellular ER
Cirrosis with PAS pos globules in liver
Decrease elastic tissue in lungs > panacinar emphysema
*Codominant |
|
|
Term
| Physiologic neonatal jaundice |
|
Definition
Immature UDP glucuronyl transferase > unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia > jaundice, kernicterus
Tx: phototherapy: converts UCB to water soluble form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mildly dec UDP glucuronyl transferase or dec bilirubin uptake
Elevated unconjugated bilirubin without overt hemolysis
Asymptomatic, no clinical consequences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Absent UDP Glucuronyl transferase
Presents early in life; patients die within a few years
Kernicterus (bilirubin in brain), inc unconjugated bilirubin
Tx: plasmapheresis, phototherapy
*Type 2 responds to phenobarbital and is not as bad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to defective liver excretion
Grossly black liver
*Rotor syndrome similar, but no signs at all |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inadequate hepatic copper excretion and failure of copper to enter circulation as ceruloplasmin
Accumulation in liver, brain, kidneys, and joints
Cirrhosis, Kayser-Fleisher rings, carcinoma, hemolytic anemia, Basal ganglia degeneration, asterixis, dementia, dyskinesia and dysarthria
Tx: penicillamine
AR inheritence, c13, ATP7B gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Iron deposition
Cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, bronze pigmentation
Inc risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
C282Y, H63D mutations on HFE gene
Assoc with HLA-A3
Tx: deferasirox, deferoxamine |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis |
|
Definition
Extrahepatic biliary obstruction
inc pressure in intrahepatic ducts > injury, fibrosis, bile stasis
Pruritis, jaundice, dark urine, light stools, hepatosplenomegaly
Inc conjugated bilirubin, inc cholesterol, inc alk phos |
|
|
Term
| Primary Biliary Cirrhosis |
|
Definition
Autoimmune, lymphocytic infiltrate and granulomas
Pruritis without jaundice
Inc serum mitochondrial Abs, including IgM
*often in middle aged women |
|
|
Term
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis |
|
Definition
Onion skin bile duct fibrosis
Alternating strictures and dilation with beading of intra and extra hepatic bile ducts
Pruritis, jaundice
Inc conjugated bilirubin
Hypergammaglobulinemia (IgM)
Assoc with UC, can lead to secondary biliary sclerosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cholesterol stones- radiolucent, most common
Assoc obesity, chrons disease, CF, Clofibrate, estrogens, and native american origin
Pigment stones- radiopaque, alcoholic cirrhosis, advanced age, biliary infection
Can cause biliary colic
Often Fat, forty, female, fertile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurohumoral activation (CCK) triggers contraction of the gall bladder, forcing a stone into the cystic duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gallstones, Ethanol, Trauma, Steroids, Mumps, AI, Scorption sting, Hypercalcemia, Hypertriglyceridemia (>1000), ERCP, Drugs
Elevated lipase, amylase
Can lead to DIC, ARDS, hypocalcemia, soap deposits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alcohol abuse and idiopathic causes
Steattorhea, fat soluble vitamin deficiency, DM, inc risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Amylase and lipase are less elevated |
|
|
Term
| Pancreatic adenocarcinoma |
|
Definition
Very aggressive arising from ducts
Tumors more common in panc head
Assoc with CA-19-9, also CEA
RFs- Tobacco use, Age >50, Jewish and AAM
Trousseau's syndrome- migratory thrombophlebitis
Courvosier's sign- obstructive jaundice with non tender GB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine
Reversible block of H2 receptors, dec H secretion
T- Cimetidine is a potent inhibitor of p450, also antiandrogenic effects, cross BBB and placenta
Both cimetidine and raniditidine dec createnine clearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Omeprazole, lansoparazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole
Irreversibly inhibit H/K ATPase in parietal cells
T- Inc risk of C diff infection, pneumonia, hip fractures, Dec Mg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO3 secretion to reestablish pH gradient
Used in travelers diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a PGE1 analog, Ind producton and secretion of mucous barrier
Prevention of NSAID ulcers, maintain PDA, induce labor
T- Diarrhea, abortifactant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Long acting somatostatin analog
Acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, carcinoid tumor
T- nausea, cramps, steatorrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Constipation and hypophosphatemia, proximal Mm weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures
"aluMINIMUM amount of feces" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diarrhea, hyporeflexia, hypotension, cardiac arrest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hypercalcemia, rebound acid increase
Can chelate and dec effectiveness of other drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MgOH, Mag citrate, polyethylene glycol, lactulose
Provide osmotic load to draw water out
Lactulose also treats hepatic encephalopathy, promotes nitrogen excretion and NH4
T- constipation, dehydration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Monoclonal Ab to TNF-a
Chrons disease, UC, RA
T- reactivation of latent TB, fever, hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Combo of Sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid
Activated by colonic bacteria
UC, Chrons
T- sulfonamide tox, reversible oligospermia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serotonin antagonist, powerful central acting anti-emetic
Control vomiting post op and chemo
T- HA, constipation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
D2 receptor antagonist
Inc resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility
Diabetic and post surge gastroparesis
T- parkinson effects, Interaction with digoxin and diabetic agents |
|
|
