Term
| Common causes of meningitis in newborns (0-6 mos) |
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Definition
Group B Strep
E. Coli
Listeria |
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Term
| Common causes of meningitis in children (6 mos-6 yrs) |
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Definition
Strep Pneumo
Neisseria Meningitis
H. Flu
Enteroviruses |
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Term
| Common causes of meningitis in adults (6 yrs-60 yrs) |
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Definition
Strep Pneumo
Neisseria Meningitis (#1 in teens)
Enteroviruses
HSV |
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Term
| Common causes of meningitis in elderly (60 yrs+) |
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Definition
Strep Pneumo
Gram negative rods
Listeria |
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Term
LP results for Bacterial meningitis
Pressure
Cell Type
Protein
Sugar |
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Definition
Increased pressure
Increased PMNs
Increased Protein
Decreased Sugar |
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Term
LP results for Fungal/TB meningitis
Pressure
Cell Type
Protein
Sugar |
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Definition
Increased Pressure
Increased Lymphocytes
Increased Protein
Decreased Sugar |
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Term
LP results for Viral meningitis
Pressure
Cell Type
Protein
Sugar |
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Definition
Normal or Increased Pressure
Increased Lymphocytes
Normal or Increased Protein
Normal Sugar |
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Term
| Common causes of meningitis in HIV+ people |
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Definition
Cryptococcus
CMV
Toxoplasmosis (see brain abscesses)
JC virus (see PML) |
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Term
| Most common causes of viral meningitis |
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Definition
Enterovirus (coxsackie in particular)
HSV-2
HIV
West Nile
VZV |
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Term
| Empiric treatment for meningitis |
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Definition
| Ceftriaxone and vancomycin (+ampicillin if listeria suspected) |
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Term
Strep Agalactiae
alternate name
appearance on gram stain
Lab tests to identify it
Diseases
Transmission
Major virulence factors? |
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Definition
Group B Strep
Gram positive cocci in chains
Catalase negative, Complete hemolysis (beta), bacitracin resistant
Pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis in BABIES
Contact while passing through vagina
CAMP factor which enhances hemolysis of S. Aureus |
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Term
E. Coli Meningitis
gram stain appearance
lab tests to identify
diseases other than meningitis
virulence factors |
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Definition
gram negative rod
fast lactose fermenter (grow pink on MacConkey)
pneumonia
K capsule, B-galactosidase |
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Term
Listeria
gram stain appearance
how do you identify it
diseases
transmission |
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Definition
Gram positive rod
Tumbling motility and actin rockets
Spontaneous abortion, fetal/amniotic infections, neonatal or immunocompromised meningitis, mild gastroenteritis in normal people
Get it from eating unpasteurized milk, cheese, or deli meats/passing through vaginal canal. |
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Term
Strep Pneumo
Gram stain appearance
how do you identify it in lab
diseases
virulence factors |
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Definition
Gram positive diplococci
Catalase negative, partial hemolysis (alpha), positive quellung (capsule), does not grow in bile, and optochin sensitive
MOPS - Meningitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia with rusty sputum, Sinusitis
capsule, IgA protease |
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Term
Neisseria Meningitis
Gram stain appearance
how do you identify it in lab?
virulence factors
transmission
diseases |
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Definition
gram negative diplococci
maltose and glucose fermenter
Capsule, IgA protease
Respiratory and oral secretions
Meningitis, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome |
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Term
Haemophilus Influenza
gram stain appearance
how do you identify in lab
diseases
transmission
virulence factors |
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Definition
Gram negative coccoid rod
Requires factors 5 and 10 on chocolate agar to grow
EMOP - Epiglottitis, Meningitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia
Aerosol transmission
IgA protease, capsular type B most dangerous |
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Term
Picornavirus
envelope/genome/capsid
diseases
transmission
replication |
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Definition
Non-enveloped, ss+linear RNA with icosahedral capsid
PERCH
Poliovirus - polio (including meningitis)
Echovirus - meningitis
Rhinovirus - common cold
Coxsackie virus - meningitis, herpangina (hand, foot, and mouth), myocarditis
HAV - acute viral hepatitis
Fecal-oral (except rhino)
RNA translated into one large polypeptide and then cleaved into individual proteins |
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