Term
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Definition
A statement about the value of a parameter that is either “less than,” “greater
than,” or “not equal to” a hypothesized number or another parameter; the hypothesis that the researcher
usually wants to prove or verify. |
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Term
| Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): |
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Definition
| A procedure used to test equality of three or more means. |
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Term
| approximate sampling distribution |
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Definition
The distribution of x -values obtained from repeatedly taking
simple random samples of the same size from the same population. (An x is computed from each
sample.) |
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Term
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Definition
A test for comparing the means of two independent samples or two treatments
where the test statistic has an approximate t distribution. This is the preferred two sample t test, but it
requires statistical software. |
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Term
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Definition
For quantitative data, large values of one variable tend to occur with large (or small) values
of another variable. For categorical data, certain responses for one variable tend to occur with certain
responses of the other variable. |
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Term
| association vs. causation: |
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Definition
We can only argue causation from association if the results having
significant association are from an experiment. |
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Term
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Definition
A graphical representation of categorical data. Names of each category are listed on the x
axis and a bar that has height representing the frequency (or percentage) in that category is place over
each category name. |
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Term
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Definition
A condition that occurs when the design of a study systematically favors certain
outcomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two measurements are made on each unit. |
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Term
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Definition
A group of experimental units sharing some common characteristic. In a randomized complete
block design, random allocation of treatments is carried out separately within each group. |
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Term
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Definition
A plot of data that incorporates the maximum observation, the minimum observation, the first
quartile, the second quartile (median) and the third quartile. |
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Term
| categorical (or qualitative) variable: |
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Definition
A variable that can be classified into groups or categories such as
gender and religion. |
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Term
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Definition
Changes in the explanatory variable directly affect the response variable. Experiments are
needed to verify causation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The enumeration of every unit in a population. |
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