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| A state of consciousness in which people become highly suggestible to changes in behavior and thought. |
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| The focusing of attention to clear ones mind and produce relaxation. |
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A process of learning to control bodily states with the help of a specialized machine.
-Teaches/helps people: To control brain waves, heart rate and BP, stress, asthma, anxiety |
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Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body function.
Effects: Relaxant, relieves inhibitions, impairs memory and judgement. (Alcohol, barbiturates, opiates). |
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-Slows brain activity that controls judgement
-Slows reaction time and reflexes
-Disrupts sleep cycle |
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Drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absense of sensory input.
Effects:Hallucinations, panic, sensory distortion. (E, LSD, weed) |
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| -Mild hallucinations, contentedness and amplified sensitivity to colors, sounds, tastes and smells. |
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-Both a stimulant and a mild hallucinogen.
-Causes feelings of contentedness and increases sensitivity
-Long term use leads to damage of serotonin-producing neurons which can lead to depression
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Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up bodily function.
Effects: increase in energy and alertness (Caffeine, amphetamines, coke) |
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-Powerful stimluant
-Produces a strong rush of euphoria followed by a short crash
-Crack is a cheaply made derivative of cocaine that is even more potent and dangerous. |
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| A process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system passively recieve and represent stimulus energy. |
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| A process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events based on past experiences |
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| The study of the relationships between sensory, psychological experiences and the physical stimuli that cause them. (Light,sound,pressure,taste) |
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-Weakest amount of a stimulus needed to produce a sensation
- At least 50% of the time a person can detect a stimulation |
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-Smallest change in a physical stimulus that can be detected between two stimuli
-What amount of stimulation will be able to detect a difference? |
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The larger or stronger a stimulus, the larger the change required for a person to notice the difference.
-Backpack example |
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Humans are able to respond to changes in our environment because our senses have an ability to adapt
-Examples: Seeing in dark, swimming in cold water, bad odors, street noises. |
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The study of peoples tendencies to make correct judgements in detecting the presence of stimuli.
-Idea that we don't always sense everything that is above absolute threshold.
-Stimulus must be detected over competing stimuli. |
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| Method for extracting information automatically and simultaneously when presented with a stimuli. |
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| A procedure that considers only one part of the stimuli presented at a time. |
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- Letters are colors
- Humans are used to reading words
- Preattentive processing got in the way of following directions |
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Sends information through the limbic system which takes about 1-2 seconds longer than directly to the cortex.
- Longer lasting, aching/burning. |
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| Registers localized pain (usually sharp) and sends the information to the cortex in a fraction of a second |
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Can lessen pain with selective attention, focusing on alternative signals or stimuli.
-Ex: Athlete during a game |
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There is a limit to the number of stimuli that can be transmitted so increasing non painful impulses can give the impression of dulled pain.
-Ex: Rubbing temples during headache |
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| Psychosocial factors of Pain |
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Definition
| -Expectation, personality, mood, distractions, attention |
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