Common good

for the benefit or interest of a politically organized society as a whole

Eminent domain

(1) the right of a sovereign state to appropriate all or part of any property for necessary public use, making reasonable compensation.

(2) The right in international law for one nation to appropriate the territory or property of another for self protection

Government

institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled.

- those individual liberties granted to all persons through the U. S. Constitution.

principle that every member of a society, even a ruler, must follow the law.

getting less of one thing in order to get a little more of another

any of a wide range of programs aimed at expanding opportunities for women and minorities

a document containing the system of fundamental laws of a nation, state, or society

the idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life

that for which anyone is responsible or accountable; as, the responsibilities of power

a group of people bound together by the same culture

ultimate authority are held by people of the United States

powers shared by both the federal and state government (for example, levying taxes, borrowing money, and spending for the general welfare).

a document containing the system of fundamental laws of a nation, state, or society.

institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled.

powers assumed by government that are not specifically listed in the Constitution.

those delegated powers of the constitution that are assumed to belong to the national government because it is a sovereign state.

powers that are not specifically granted or denied to the federal government are reserved to the states.

that for which anyone is responsible or accountable; as, the responsibilities of power.

those individual liberties granted to all persons through the U. S. Constitution.

getting less of one thing in order to get a little more of another.

payment for labor or services to a worker, usually on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis, or by the piece.

an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution (land, factories, mines, railroads) and their operation

for profit, under competitive conditions.

conduct as a citizen; the status of a citizen with rights and duties.

a political and economic system based on the writings of Karl Marx in which the state controls the production and distribution of goods, and social

classes and private ownership are discouraged.

any group living in the same area or having interests, work, etc. in common.

monarchy in which the powers of the monarch are restricted by a constitution.

form of government in which political control is exercised by all the people, either directly or through their elected representative.

a government system controlled by one ruler who has absolute power and usually controlled by force.

institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled.

Imperialism

the policy of increasing a nation’s authority by acquiring or controlling other nations.

Parliamentary

a system of government in which the chief executive is the leader whose party holds the most seats in the legislature after an election or whose

party forms a major part of the ruling coalition.

those individual liberties granted to all persons through the U. S. Constitution.

a political and economic system in which government controls resources and industries.

ultimate, supreme power in a state; in the United States, sovereignty rests with the people.

Totalitarianism

a form of government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life

the exchange of goods or services for other goods and services or money.

United Nations Declaration of Human Rights-

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security

the distribution of resources, goods, or services.

an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution (land, factories, mines, railroads) and their operation

for profit, under competitive conditions.

establishes how a country produces and distributes goods and services.

a period of history marked by some distinctive characteristic.

something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation of reward, which induces action or motivates effort.

Mercantilism

an economic system developed in Europe as feudalism died out, intended to unify and increase the power and monetary wealth of a nation by strict

governmental regulation of the entire economy, designed to secure bullion, a favorable balance of trade, the development of agriculture and manufacturing, and

foreign trading monopolies.

governed by a monarch (king, queen, emperor, empress).

the creation of value or wealth by producing goods or services.

an aspect of the physical environment that people value and use.

a group of people bound together by the same culture.

a person who buys goods or services to satisfy wants.

the using up of goods and services by consumer purchasing or in the production of other goods.

the number of consumers willing and able to purchase a good or service at a given price.

the production and distribution of goods and services within an economic system.

government restriction placed on trade.

Equilibrium point

the price at which quantity supplied equals quantity demanded.

goods and services produced in one nation and sold to buyers in another nation.

the independent central bank of the United States that controls the money supply.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

the total market value of all final goods and services produced in the economy in a given year.

the price of money that is borrowed or saved, determined by the forces of supply and demand.

amount of money that people pay when they buy a good or service. It is largely determined by the buying and selling decisions of consumers and

producers.

a first-hand account of an event, person, or place (official document, diary, letter, historical photograph, oral testimony).

an aspect of the physical environment that people value and use.

not being able to have everything wanted making choices necessary; when supply is less than demand.

the quantity of resources, goods, or services that sellers offer at various prices at a particular time.

something that satisfies one’s wants.

 when one individual or nation has an efficiency advantage over another individual or nation with two separate products but has a greater

advantage in one product than in the other. The efficient producer has a comparative advantage for the product in which he or it has greater relative efficiency.

something that is given up to satisfy your wants.

the production and distribution of goods and services within an economic system.

the price of one currency in relation to another currency.

Mercantilism

an economic system developed in Europe as feudalism died out, intended to unify and increase the power and monetary wealth of a nation by strict

governmental regulation of the entire economy, designed to secure bullion, a favorable balance of trade, the development of agriculture and manufacturing, and

foreign trading monopolies.

the creation of value or wealth by producing goods or services.

people who work in jobs where they produce a few special goods and services.

the exchange of goods or services for other goods and services or money.

-

a sum of money allocated for a particular use; a plan for saving and spending money.

something that is given up to satisfy your wants.

the accumulated negative balance.

a negative balance after expenditures are subtracted from revenues for a specific time period

the production and distribution of goods and services within an economic system.

something that you can touch or hold.

Government

institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled.

Infrastructure

the skeletal framework of a nation (highways, roads, water systems, parks) provided by the public sector.

something that one person does for someone else.

a group of people bound together by the same culture.

the use of money to buy goods and services.

payment for labor or services to a worker, usually on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis, or by the piece.

Benefit

something that satisfies one’s wants.

a sum of money allocated for a particular use; a plan for saving and spending money.

something that is given up to satisfy your wants.

an arrangement for deferred payment for goods and services; money available for someone to borrow.

Expenditures

spending on goods and services

financial gain received as wages/salaries, rent, interest, and/or profit.

the price of money that is borrowed or saved, determined by the forces of supply and demand.

a measure of goods and services produced over a period of time with a given set of resources.

income that is not spent, setting aside income or money for future use.

science applied to achieve practical purposes.

payment for labor or services to a worker, usually on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis, or by the piece.

the location of a point expressed by a grid reference (latitude and longitude).

the careful use and protection of natural resources, such as soil, forests, and water.

a compilation, structuring, and categorization of information for analysis and interpretation.

the arrangement of items over a specified area.

a computerized geographic database that contains information about the spatial distribution of physical and human characteristics of Earth’s surface.

maps, globes, graphs, diagrams, photographs, and satellite-produced images used to depict selected aspects of the earth’s surface.

maps and graphs used to portray geographic information (thematic and choropleth maps, cartograms, graphs [pie, bar, line, population pyramids]).

the position of a point on the Earth’s surface, expressed by means of a grid (absolute location) or in relation to the position of other places (relative location).

a system in which buyers and sellers make major decisions about production and distribution, based on supply and demand.

the mental image a person has of an area.

resources (fields, forests, the sea, and other gifts of nature) used to produce goods and services.

a natural characteristic of a place (elevation, landforms, vegetation).

spatial expressions of political behavior; boundaries on land, water, and air space; cities, towns, counties, countries.

the location of a place or region in relation to other places or regions (northwest or downstream).

(See culture; human feature)

establishes how a country produces and distributes goods and services.

the movement of people or other organisms from one region to another.

locations having distinctive characteristics, which give them meaning and character, and distinguish them from other locations.

an area with one or more common characteristics or features which make it different from surrounding areas.

the location of a place or region in relation to other places or regions (northwest or downstream).

a system of beliefs for satisfying a peoples’ spiritual wants/needs.

an aspect of the physical environment that people value and use.

science applied to achieve practical purposes.

the graduation requirements included in the revised Quality Performance Accreditation regulations will go into effect with the senior class of

2009, or the freshmen of 2005-06. Included in the requirements is a third credit in science. The science program 9-12 must include concepts (not courses) in

rounded study of the earth’s physical systems.

the way chemicals build up in organisms, as each consumes other organisms lower in the food chain.

the maximum number of animals and/or people a given area can support at a given time.

the lessening or exhaustion of a supply.

the arrangement of items over a specified area

the production and distribution of goods and services within an economic system.

the theory that the uppermost part of the earth is divided into plates that slide or drift very slowly, causing the formation of physical features, such

as mountains.

a course or method of operation that produces, maintains, or alters Earth’s physical systems (e.g., glaciation, erosion, deposition).

the spread of cultural elements from one culture to another.

areas or neighborhoods within cities that are homogeneous in their ethnic make-up, and are usually surrounded by different ethnic

groups (Chinatown).

the skeletal framework of a nation (highways, roads, water systems, parks) provided by the public sector.

the position of a point on the Earth’s surface, expressed by means of a grid (absolute location) or in relation to the position of other places (relative location).

exists whenever buyers and sellers exchange goods and services

Megalopolis

a large, sprawled urban complex, created through the spread and joining of separate metropolitan areas.

the movement of people or other organisms from one region to another.

intense loyalty and devotion to one’s country; desire for national independence.

an area with one or more common characteristics or features which make it different from surrounding areas.

the maximum number of animals and/or people a given area can support at a given time.

human entities that are interrelated, (a city, an airport, and a transportation network).

the continuous circulation of water from the oceans, through the air, to the land, and back to the sea; evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

a document containing the system of fundamental laws of a nation, state, or society.

a period of history marked by some distinctive characteristic.

a first-hand account of an event, person, or place (official document, diary, letter, historical photograph, oral testimony).

a person who buys goods or services to satisfy wants.

something that is given up to satisfy your wants.

the growth of machine production and the factory system.

an account of an event, person, or place that is not first-hand (textbook information, historically based movies, biographies).

something that satisfies one’s wants.

an arrangement for deferred payment for goods and services; money available for someone to borrow.

a movement or attitude stressing strict and literal adherence to a set of basic principles.

the policy of increasing a nation’s authority by acquiring or controlling other nations.

the movement of people or other organisms from one region to another.

a policy of aggressive military preparedness.

intense loyalty and devotion to one’s country; desire for national independence.

a first-hand account of an event, person, or place (official document, diary, letter, historical photograph, oral testimony).

Social Darwinism

a theory in sociology that individuals or groups achieve advantage over others as the result of genetic or biological superiority

a group of people bound together by the same culture.

science applied to achieve practical purposes.

something that satisfies one’s wants.

a sum of money allocated for a particular use; a plan for saving and spending money.

a person who buys goods or services to satisfy wants.

something that is given up to satisfy your wants.

a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing business activity, falling prices, and unemployment.

the arrangement of items over a specified area.

the skeletal framework of a nation (highways, roads, water systems, parks) provided by the public sector.

a national policy by which a country does not become involved with other nations in agreements and/or alliances.

a first-hand account of an event, person, or place (official document, diary, letter, historical photograph, oral testimony).

an account of an event, person, or place that is not first-hand (textbook information, historically based movies, biographies).

the production and distribution of goods and services within an economic system.

to enter and settle in a country to which one is not native.

- a form of government in which all power is vested in a single ruler or other authority.

an idea that the powers of government should be distributed according to a constitution and those powers should be restrained by constitutional

provision.

a reform movement within the Roman Catholic Church that arose in 16th-century Europe in response to the Protestant Reformation.

learned behavior of people which includes belief systems, languages, social relationships, institutions, organizations, and material goods (food, clothing,

buildings, tools).

a cultural and intellectual movement of the Renaissance that emphasized secular concerns as a result of the rediscovery and study of the literature,

art, and civilization of ancient Greece and Rome

Isolationism

a national policy by which a country does not become involved with other nations in agreements and/or alliances.

Mercantilism

an economic system developed in Europe as feudalism died out, intended to unify and increase the power and monetary wealth of a nation by strict

governmental regulation of the entire economy, designed to secure bullion, a favorable balance of trade, the development of agriculture and manufacturing, and

foreign trading monopolies.

a system of beliefs for satisfying peoples’ spiritual wants/needs.

a revival or rebirth, usually referring to the revival of classical learning in Italy after the Middle Ages.

Shi’ism

the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs

an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution (land, factories, mines, railroads) and their operation

for profit, under competitive conditions.

learned behavior of people which includes belief systems, languages, social relationships, institutions, organizations, and material goods (food, clothing,

buildings, tools).

- the policy of increasing a nation’s authority by acquiring or controlling other nations.

Impressionism

the growth of machine production and the factory system.

Laissez-faire economics

an economic doctrine that opposes governmental regulation of or interference in commerce beyond the minimum necessary for a freeenterprise

system to operate according to its own economic laws.

a policy of aggressive military preparedness.

intense loyalty and devotion to one’s country; desire for national independence.

a government rooted in the consent of the governed, whose power is exercised by elected representatives responsible to the governed.

an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis

on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions.

a German style of architecture begun by Walter Gropius in 1918

a style of painting and sculpture developed in Paris in the early 20th century, characterized by the drawing of natural forms into abstract, often geometric

shapes.

a theory or style of painting originating and developed in France during the 1870s, characterized by concentration on the immediate visual

impression produced by a scene and by the use of unmixed primary colors and small strokes to simulate actual reflected light.

intense loyalty and devotion to one’s country; desire for national independence.

a 20th-century literary and artistic movement that attempted to express the workings of the subconscious and is characterized by fantastic imagery

and incongruous juxtaposition of subject matter.

a political and economic system based on the writings of Karl Marx in which the state controls the production and distribution of goods, and social

classes and private ownership are discouraged.

the movement advancing women’s rights and interests.

a movement or attitude stressing strict and literal adherence to a set of basic principles.

people relying on each other in different places or in the same place for ideas, goods, and services.

resources (fields, forests, the sea, and other gifts of nature) used to produce goods and services.

several artistic movements since the 1960s that have challenged the philosophy and practices of modern arts or literature.