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Details Title: Stat Test One Description: Vocab words Total Flash Cards: 34 Created: 08/30/2004 19:54:49	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Data Definition The numbers or information collected in a study or experiment Term Variable Definition Any characteristic of a person or thing that can be expressed as a number (unless categorical) Term Quantitative Data Definition Numerical Values for which arithmetic operations make sense Term Categorical data Definition Simply records which category a person or thing falls Term Descriptive statistics Definition methods of organizing, displaying, and describing data using tables, graphs, and summary measures Term Inferential statistics Definition uses collected data to make generalizations about the entire group. Produces answers to specific questions and a statement of how confident we can be that the answer is correct. Term Population Definition The entire group to be studied Term Sample Definition the part of the population actually examined Term Statistic Definition a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample Term parameter Definition A numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population Term Discrete data Definition values are only isolated points on the number line Term Continuous data Definition values form an entire interval on the number line (measurement is often used) Term Observational study Definition no treatment is assigned, the researchers merely observe a characteristic Term Experimental study Definition uses a deliberate treatment to observe the response and measure its effect Term confounding Definition when many variables confuse the ability to determine the cause of a characteristic. If this happens, an experiment is more appropriate. Term census Definition an attempt to include the entire population Term bias Definition when a study systematically favors certain outcomes (selection, measurement, nonresponse) Term randomization Definition the use of chance to assign subjects to different treatments to reduce bias Term simple random sample Definition every unit has an equal chance of being selected and all combinations of subjects are possible Term stratified random sample Definition the population is divided into groups, then an SRS is selected from each group Term systematic random sample Definition a system such as choosing every fourth subject is used Term explanatory variable Definition explains the observed outcome Term response variable Definition measures an outcome of a study Term lurking (extraneous) variable Definition a variable that has an important effect on the response but is not included among the explanatory variables studied; most statisticians refer to this as a confounding variable. Term anecdotal evidence Definition based on haphazardly selected individual cases that are striking in some way Term experimental units Definition objects on which the experiment is performed Term subjects Definition human experimental units Term treatment Definition the specific experimental process applied to each case Term control group Definition a group given no treatment or a sham treatment Term placebo Definition a dummy or sham treatment such as a sugar pill Term block design Definition a block is a group that is known to be similar before the experiment in some way that is expected to affect the response to the treatment. Blocking separates the units to reduce variation. Term double blind experiment Definition neither the subject nor the evaluators know which treatment the subject receives Term statistical significance Definition a difference too large to be attributed to chance Term voluntary response samples Definition only those who choose to respond are evaluated; usually very biased