Term
| Microscopic morphology of staph |
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Definition
| gram + cocci arranged in irregular clusters |
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Term
| biochemical characterization of staph (4) |
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Definition
- aerobic, microaerophilic, facultative anaerobes
- nonmotile
- resistant to drying
- grows at 9% NaCl
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Term
| distinguishing pathogenic from non-pathogenic species of Staph |
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Definition
- pigment production
- hemolysis
- mannitol fermentation
- coagulase production
- DNAse production
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Term
| staph--pigment production |
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Definition
- aureus + (gold)
- epidermidis - and others - (white)
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Term
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Definition
- aureus ß (beta)--a clear zone surrounds colony
- epidermidis γ (gamma)--no visible change in agar
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Term
| staph--mannitol fermentation |
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Definition
- aureus +: will ferment, produces an acid which reacts with pH indicator in agar
- epidermidis -: won't ferment
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Term
| staph--coagulase production |
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Definition
- aureus + yes
- epidermidis - no
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Term
|
Definition
- aureus + yes
- epidermidis - no
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Term
| major virulence factors of S. aureus |
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Definition
- hemolysins
- toxins
- enzymes
- protein A
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Term
| staph virulence--Hemolysins |
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Definition
| lyses RBC; MO gets access to iron |
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Term
| staph virulence--toxins (4) |
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Definition
- leukocidin
- exfoliatin
- TSST-1 (toxic shock syndrome toxin)
- enterotoxin
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Term
|
Definition
| toxin that kills WBC; likely targets PMNs |
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Term
|
Definition
scalded skin syndrome
causes epidermis to separate from dermis
"sliding skin" |
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Term
|
Definition
"toxic shock syndrome toxin"
associated with over use of super absorbant tampons |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
- damage tissue and helps establish infection
- coagulase
- fibrinolysin
- DNAse
- hyaluronidase
- penicillinase/β-lactamase
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Term
|
Definition
interferes with phagocytosis by camouflaging MO with proteins
-opsonins can't bind, phagocytes can't find organism |
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Term
|
Definition
| degrades fibrin clots, body can't contain infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| breaks down DNA to reduce viscosit of exudate in acute inflammation; body can't contain infection |
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Term
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Definition
degrades hyaluronic acid(glue that holds things together)
-when broken down organism can spread, hence spreading factor |
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Term
penicillinase/β-lactamase |
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Definition
| degrades penicillin; antibiotic resistance |
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Term
|
Definition
-interferes with phagocytosis
-mimics Fc receptor, randomly binds IgG to surface of MO
-can bend Ig so Fc end is no longer available for binding by phagocytes
-helps mask MO |
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Term
| staphylococcal diseases (5) |
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Definition
- skin infections
- deeper infections
- staph food poisoning
- methicillin
- opportunistic infections
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Term
| staph skin infections (5) (pyoderma) |
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Definition
-MO gets in subcutaneous connective tissue
-usually suppurative--undergo formation of pus
- folliculitis
- furuncles
- carbuncles
- impetigo
- scalded skin syndrome
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Term
|
Definition
pimples
-inflammed or infected hair follicle |
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Term
|
Definition
-boils or abscesses
sty-infected eyelash follicle |
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Term
|
Definition
-extensive subcutaneous spreading through connective tissue
lots of swelling, redness, and pus--usually requires surgical draining |
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Term
|
Definition
-highly contagious among kids
-MO tolerates drying, becomes environmental contaminant
-not confined to hair follicles or sweat glands
-characterized by bullae (bullus impetigo) aka vesicles or blisters |
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Term
|
Definition
-non-suppurative(no pus)
-exfoliatin exotoxin (epidermis separates from dermis)
localized infection---> toxemia
exfoliating skin is affected but NOT infected |
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Term
|
Definition
-generally considered to be opportunistic; may require a compromised host
- pneumonia-esp in newborns, elderly
- septicemia
- osteomyelitis
- toxic shock syndrome
- staphylococcal enterocolitis
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Term
|
Definition
blood infection; MO actively reproducing in blood
persistent with a variety of abscesses throughout body |
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Term
|
Definition
| infected bone; inflamed bone demineralizes |
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Term
| Staphylococcal enterocolitis |
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Definition
A superinfection(overgrowth; usually response of reduced normal microflora) of S aureus associated with use of oral antibiotics
Results: GI infection
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Term
|
Definition
-intoxication, not infection
- ingest toxin produced by MO
- speed of intoxication depends on amount consumed
- quicker symptom onset than ingesting MO
- improper refrigeration or storage allows MO to grow
- high protein food most often implicated
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| staph opportunistic infections/coagulase negative staphyloccoci |
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Definition
s epidermidis and s saprophyticus-found in normal microflora
-consiered non-pathogenic but can cause opportunistic infections
-catheters, surgically placed prostheses |
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Term
|
Definition
-AB resistance is a major problem
-MRSA-methicllin resistant staph aureus
-concern in hospital, but now also community-associated MRSA
-nosocomial-5-10% of patients
-Antibiotic susceptibility must be performed on both coagulase + and - isolates |
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Term
|
Definition
-30% of general pop are nasopharyngeal carriers of S aureus (70-80% of hospital staff)
-Everyone is colonized by S epidermidis and S saprophyticus |
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