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| The earth's crust and solid upper mantle |
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| water on the earth's surface |
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| layer of gases surrounding the earth |
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| plants and animals on the earth's surface |
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| spread of heat through the movement of a fluid substance |
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| immense ocean waves of destructive force |
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| wearing down of rockss at the earth's surface by the actions of wind, water, ice and living things |
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| the processes by which rock, sand and soil are broken down and carried away |
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| deposited particles and sediment in another place |
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| condensation, precipitation, run-off, evaporation |
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| periodic rising of the oceans caused by the gravitational pull of the moon |
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| movement of the ocean's waters |
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| Polytheistic religion, has a caste sytem, no religious text, believe in karma, reincarnation and sacred objects |
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| Founded by Sidartha Gautama, similar to Hindusim but has not caste system, based on the Four Noble Truths that explain life's meaning |
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| the belief that many things in nature have their own spirit |
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| oldest monotheistic religion in the world, emphasizes the importance of living justly and the Ten Commandments, Holy book is the Torah |
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| Monotheistic religion, about 2 billion followers world wide, holy book is the Bible, believers believe that Jesus was the son of God who sacrificed himself |
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| Montheistic religion, believe that Muhammad was the last prophet, holy book is the Koran, 1.2 billion followers, floowers are called Muslims |
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| combines Hindu beliefs and Muslim beliefs, monotheistic religion, the goal of every Sikh is to build a close and loving relationship with God |
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| how easy it is to change one's social class |
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| people who share similar wealth, power and prestige |
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| roles specifically assigned to men and women |
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| a group of people with a common ancestry and a common culture, most often based on the same language and religion |
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| everyone belongs to the same ethnic group |
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| multicultural, mix of peoples and cultures |
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| the average number of people in a measurable area, usually one square mile |
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| the rise in the number of cities adnd the changes of lifestyle that result |
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| a graphic representation of the population divided by gender and age |
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| to move from one place to another |
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| those that cause people to leave their old location |
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| those that attract people to a new location |
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| how people organize into groups, such as religious groups |
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| when people are harrassed for being members of a particular ethnic group |
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| when people are harrassed because of their religious beliefs |
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| people might migrate because of change in the environment |
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1. ethnic persecution
2. economic motive
3. environmental factors
4. religious persecution
5. political factors |
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| The exchange of goods and ideas between the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) and the New World (The Americas) |
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| Trade route between Middle Eastern and Roman merchants and China, introduced Chinese silk to Europe. Also saw the exchange of chariots, languages, metallurgy. |
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| a point where different cultures become similar or come together |
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the creation of a common global culture; the spread of culture around the world
Examples: language, sports, food, technology |
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| an area that has common characteristics that distinguish it from neighboring areas |
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| an area defined by the common characteristics of the people living there |
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| ruler inherits the power, King or/and Queen |
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| King and/or Queen and a legislative body. |
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| a government without a king or queen |
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| government authority is based on the will of the people |
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| the people vote on each issue directly |
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| Representative are elected to govern on the behalf of the people |
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| a system of government in which a single person or small group controls everything |
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| "total control", government controls all aspects of individual life |
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| a government run by religious leaders |
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| boundaries between countries |
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not subject to any higher government authority
Example - the US is sovereign. It does not have to follow any other government. Texas is not sovereign. It is subject to national laws and government |
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| tell how alike; judge against |
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| explain the meaning, make clear |
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| make a good guess, read between the lines |
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| United States, China, Russia, Japan |
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| An organization of all the sovereign nation states in the world, founded after WWII to promote peace, prevent war, ancourage development in all nations |
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| another association of countries with inluence on international relations. An economic and political union of member states |
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| th idea if one country becomes too strong, other countries will band together against it |
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| loyalty and support for one's country |
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| the belief that each people or ethnic group should have its own goverbment and nation-state |
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| the study of how people meet their basic needs |
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| subsitance farming and cottage industries |
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| families grow just enough to feed themselves, nothing lefty over to sell for profit |
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| goods are produced at home as they are needed, nothing sold for profit |
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| people are free to produce what they want and buy what they want. Prices are determined by supply and demand |
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| farmers grow food to sell to others |
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| government owns and operates all business, makes all economic decisions for the country |
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| the government owns and operates many basic industries. Other businesses are privately owned. |
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| mountains, forests, desserts and seas |
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| imaginary horizontal lines that run parallel across the earth |
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| imaginary lines that run up and down the earth |
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| immaginary line that divided the earth into east and west hemispheres |
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| immaginary line that divides the earth into north and south hemispheres |
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| Largest dessert in the world, located in northern Africa |
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| things that people make. Example - food, toys, clothes |
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| things that people do for others. Example - electricians, plumbers, doctors |
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| countries with advanced economies |
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| countries with lower standards of living and less technology |
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| newly industrialize or emerging economies |
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| nations that moving from less developed to more developed, in transition |
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| the average number of years an individual in a country is expected to live |
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| the number of babies born per one thousand people in a nation |
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| death rate/mortality rate |
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| number of people who die per one thousand people in a nation |
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| number of infants who die foe every 1000 births |
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| tell how well an exonomy is performing |
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| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) |
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| total value of all goods and services produced by a nation in a year |
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| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita |
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| the value of goods and services produced in a year in a nation by an average person |
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| percentage of people who can read and write |
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| determine the level of development of a country, includes the freedoms people enjoy, degree of democracy, degree of government operession and the tolerence for different points of view |
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| high literacy rate, greater percentage of people attending college, large number of doctors and hospitals serving the population |
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| lower literacy rate, lower percentage of people attending college, small number of doctors and hospitals to serve the population |
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| primary economic activities |
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| involve the productions of foods and extraction of resources. Examples include growing crops, raising livestock, grazing, fishing,logging and mining |
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| secondary economic activities |
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| adding value to raw materials by processing them or changing their form |
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| tertiary economic activities |
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| deal with services performed by people and businesses. Examples inlcude teachers, doctors, nurses retailer, truck driver |
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| quaternary economic activity |
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| activities involving information processing and management. Examples include computer programer and general business manager |
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| the creatin of a single global economy and community |
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| the process by which a company hires other companies to perform some of its work |
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| the practice of moving production overseas |
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| technology, communications, transportation routes, other human made resources |
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| materials from nature - the minerals, plant fibers, animal products and energy - that go into making a good |
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| each region tends to make certian goods, based on the productive resources it has available |
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| goods from foreign countires brought into a country for use or sale |
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| goods and services sold from one country to aother countries |
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| added taxes to imports, making imported goods more expensive |
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| created in 1995, helps to remove trade barriers, oversees the administration of trade agreements and provides a forum for negotiations and settling disputes |
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| zones for trade with no tariffs and no quotas |
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| NAFTA (North American Free Trade Association) |
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| free trade zone between US, Canada and Mexico |
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| common currency used by many member counteries of the European Union |
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| quickly preading, wide-spread disease |
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