Term
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Definition
The man who was born a slave and escaped to
Massachusetts through the Underground
Railroad. He served as a soldier during the Civil
War where he was awarded the Medal of
Honor. |
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Term
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Definition
The president who warned
against alliances with foreign
countries |
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Term
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Definition
The compromise that called for a
bicameral legislature with
representations that satisfied
both large and small states. |
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Term
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Definition
The European Enlightenment philosopher who
said that government is a social contract with
limited powers and has obligations to its
creators. He had a major influence on the
writings of Thomas Jefferson, especially in the
Declaration of Independence. |
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Term
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Definition
The year the Pilgrims settled the
Plymouth colony and signed the
Mayflower Compact |
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Term
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Definition
First major legislative departure from the U.S.
policy of officially respecting the legal and political
rights of the American Indians. The act authorized
the president to grant Indian tribes unsettled
western prairie land in exchange for their desirable
territories within state borders. |
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Term
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Definition
The civil disobedience action
taken by a group of colonists who
were protesting the Tea Act
passed by the British Parliament. |
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Term
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Definition
The document signed by King
John in 1215 in England. It was
the first of many laws that began
to take power away from the
monarchs. |
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Term
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Definition
The bloodiest single‐day battle in
American history with about 23,000
casualties. It had significance as
enough of a victory to give Lincoln
the confidence to announce the
Emancipation Proclamation. |
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Term
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Definition
The slave who sued for his freedom after
being taken into free territory by his
master.
The Supreme Court basically said that
“once a slave, always a slave.” |
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Term
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Definition
The man whose administration was known for a
heavy hand when it came to the power of the
executive branch. He was a staunch champion of
states' rights against federalism, and his
administration was marked by expansion in Texas,
wars with the Indians and his rejection of the Bank
of the United States. |
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Term
| Declaration of Independence |
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Definition
“We hold these truths to be self‐evident, that
all men are created equal, that they are
endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable Rights, that among these are Life,
Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.” |
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Term
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Definition
An American social activist who fought for the
reform causes of abolitionism, women’s suffrage,
and temperance. She was the co‐founder of the
Seneca Fall Convention and writer of the
Declaration of Sentiments |
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Term
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Definition
A Christian religious revival movement during
the early 19th century in the United States; it
expressed a theology by which every person
could be saved through revivals |
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Term
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Definition
The result of the British continuously engaging
in impressment and forcing US citizens to serve
in the Royal Navy. There were also disputes with
Great Britain over the Northwest Territories and
the border with Canada. |
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Term
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Definition
The founder of Connecticut. He
was also responsible for the writing of the
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, one
of the first written constitutions. |
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Term
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Definition
The first African‐American to serve in the U.S.
Senate. He held his senate seat for the State
of Mississippi from 1870‐1871. |
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Term
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Definition
The year the U.S. Constitution was
written in Philadelphia |
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Term
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Definition
The document that said the colonists
could not settle west of the Mississippi
after the British won the French and
Indian War |
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Term
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Definition
The politician, statesman and founding father who
is known as the Father of the Constitution because
of his leadership role in writing and ratifying the
Constitution. |
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Term
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Definition
The term referring to a system of
government in which power is divided
between the national government and
the state governments. |
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Term
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Definition
The 1832 Supreme Court decision that
the Cherokee Indians constituted a
nation. |
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Term
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Definition
The law that set aside land for
land‐grant colleges |
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Term
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Definition
The principle of “the power rests
with people.” |
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Term
| Battle Hymn of the Republic |
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Definition
The hymn born during the American
Civil War when Julia Howe visited a
Union Army camp on the Potomac
River in 1861. |
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Term
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Definition
The technological innovation that
would lead to mass production of
goods rather than relying on parts
made individually by hand. |
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Term
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Definition
The first well known U.S. Naval
fighter known for saying, “I have
not yet begun to fight.” He served
during the American Revolution. |
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Term
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Definition
The African‐American teacher, patriot, &
soldier of the American Revolution. Like
Paul Revere, he was a member of the
Committee of Safety and rode all night
to warn of the British invasion. |
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Term
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Definition
The man whose essay Civil Disobedience
supported resistance to improve
government rather than to abolish it.
“That government is best which governs
not at all.” |
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Term
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Definition
The person who aided the colonies
in their fight for independence
by leading Spanish armies to fight against the
British in the American Revolution |
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Term
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Definition
The excessive regard for sectional
or local interests which led to
rivalry between the North and
the South |
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Term
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Definition
An American artist movement in NY
by landscape painters. Their
artwork consisted of beautiful
panoramic views of the Adirondack
and Catskill mountains. |
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Term
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Definition
A series of laws also known as the Coercive Acts
passed by Parliament in retaliation for the
Boston Tea Party. The response to the laws by
the colonists led them to create the First
Continental Congress. |
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Term
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Definition
A Chilean immigrant who was awarded the
Medal of Honor for his bravery
and distinguished service during the Civil
War. |
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Term
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Definition
The politician and statesmen who
was the leader of the
Sons of Liberty and helped form the
Committees of Correspondence in
the colonies. |
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Term
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Definition
The 19th‐century doctrine that the
United States had the right and duty
to expand throughout the North
American continent.
“From sea to shining sea.” |
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Term
| Appomattox County Court House |
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Definition
The location where Lee surrendered
to Grant in Virginia, marking the end
to the Civil War. |
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Term
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Definition
People like William Lloyd Garrison,
Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman
who wanted to put an end to
slavery. |
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Term
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Definition
A representative form of government
whose representatives derive their
authority from the consent of the
governed, serve for an established
tenure, and are sworn to uphold the
Constitution. |
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Term
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Definition
A former slave who became known as
an anti‐slavery leader. He was a well
known orator. |
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Term
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Definition
The wife of the 2nd U.S. president and
the mother of the 6th U.S. president. She
was dedicated to the rights of women as
well as African‐Americans. Her
correspondence sheds light on life in the 18th century. |
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Term
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Definition
The famous naturalist, ornithologist, and
painter. He was notable for spending over ten
years painting and cataloging the birds and
animals of North America. |
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Term
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Definition
The politician, lawyer, and Senator from South
Carolina, known as a “War Hawk.”
His made arguments for states’ rights, limited
government, nullification, free trade, and slavery . |
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Term
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Definition
Fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
During his long tenure, federal powers of the
judicial branch were defined and
strengthened, most notably in the 1803 case
of Marbury v. Madison, in which Marshall
asserted the power of the court to overturn legislation deemed unconstitutional.
Power of judicial review. |
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Term
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Definition
An 1824 Supreme Court decision that
established the fact that states cannot
interfere with the power of Congress to
regulate interstate trade. It freed all navigation from monopoly control. |
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Term
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Definition
A foreign national who is granted
citizenship in the United States
after fulfilling certain
requirements. |
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Term
|
Definition
A 19th century movement in literature circles
that include Emerson and Thoreau. It was a
group of ideas in literature and philosophy
that developed in the 1830s and 1840s as a
protest against the general state of culture and
society. |
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Term
|
Definition
A founding principle of our government
wherein the three branches of government,
legislative, executive and judicial, have
distinct powers in order to prevent abuse of
power by any one branch. This was espoused by Locke and Montesquieu. |
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Term
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Definition
French political thinker, writer, and philosopher
who lived during the time of the Enlightenment.
His ideas on separation of powers were a major
influence on the writing of the U.S. Constitution. |
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Term
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Definition
The period (1865‐1877) during which the
states that had seceded to the
Confederacy were controlled by the
federal government before being
readmitted to the Union. |
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Term
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Definition
An early colonist agitator against the Stamp Act and helped draft the Declaration of Independence in 1776. He served as a diplomat for the new republic during the Revolutionary War and later became
president. |
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Term
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Definition
| The year that Thomas Jefferson approved the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France and doubled the size of the United States. |
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Term
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Definition
Parliament’s first serious attempt to assert governmental authority over the 13 colonies.
This was done to raise revenue to pay for the
huge debt incurred by the Seven Years War (French and Indian War). Taxed most paper items in some form or fashion. |
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Term
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Definition
| The site of a grueling winter suffered by George Washington and his troops during the Revolutionary War. Food, clothing and shelter were sparse in this Pennsylvania setting. |
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Term
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Definition
19th century women’s rights advocate who was also a champion of abolition,
temperance, and equal rights for all. |
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Term
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Definition
Ratification of this led to the
abolishment of slavery in the United
States. |
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Term
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Definition
The compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in which three‐fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the
apportionment of the members of the US House of Representatives. |
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Term
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Definition
| A duty or tax imposed on imports to raise their price, making them less attractive to consumers and thus protecting domestic industries from foreign competition. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Confederate general who lost his arm in “friendly fire” during the Civil War. He was known for his strong demeanor as well as his tactical abilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Founding father and 5th President of the United States. He is known for the doctrine whose purpose was to keep Europe out of US affairs. His presidency was marked by both the Era of Good Feelings and the economic Panic of 1819. |
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Term
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Definition
The 1819 Supreme Court decision that
affirmed the constitutional doctrine of
Congress’ implied powers. Drawn from the “elastic clause” in Article I, this bolstered the power of judicial review. |
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Term
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Definition
| A South Carolina site where the first battle of the Civil War was fought as the federal government tried to send food and supplies to its soldiers stationed there. |
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Term
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Definition
The forced removal of native Americans
from their tribal lands which resulted in the deaths of over 4,000 Cherokees. |
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Term
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Definition
| The warning given to European countries to stay out of the Americas. |
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Term
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Definition
| The 1689 document that limited the power of the monarchy in England and guaranteed certain rights to the people. |
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Term
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Definition
An act passed by Congress in 1862
promising ownership of a 160‐acre tract of public land to a citizen or head of a family who had resided on and cultivated the land for five years after the initial claim. |
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Term
| The Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
The early US constitution used from
1781‐1789 to govern the new republic.
Although this set of laws was considered weak, Congress did establish the Northwest Territories. |
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Term
| Transcontinental Railroads |
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Definition
| What led to improved transportation linking the West with the East. |
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Term
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Definition
The law in which Indian tribes lost legal standing, and tribal lands were divided among the individual members. In exchange for renouncing their tribal holdings, Indians would
become American citizens and would receive individual land grants‐‐160 acres to family heads, 80 acres to single adults. |
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Term
| Emancipation Proclamation |
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Definition
What was issued by Lincoln in 1863 declaring "that all persons held as
slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." |
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Term
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Definition
The group opposed to the ratification of the U.S. Constitution because they felt it
gave the federal government too much power and it did not contain a bill of
rights. |
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Term
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Definition
The man who became president when the
House of Representatives had to choose since no one candidate had a majority of electoral votes. Faced with factionalism and sectionalism, he tried to bring the country together with a network of highways and canals. |
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Term
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Definition
| A poet, dramatist and historian who was one of the most important female participants during the American Revolution. She published the first history of the Revolution ever written by a woman. |
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Term
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Definition
A leading statesman, lawyer and US Senator of the Antebellum period. He served as Secretary of State for 3 presidents and is known for his fights
to keep the Union together when threats of secession arose. |
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Term
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Definition
The commanding general of the
Confederate Army during the Civil
War. He unconditionally surrendered to Union forces on April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Court House. |
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Term
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Definition
An African‐American living in Massachusetts during the time of the American Revolution. He was the first person shot to death by the British
during the incident that became known as the Boston Massacre. |
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Term
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Definition
An American patriot and statesman. He was a delegate from Virginia to the Constitutional Convention of 1787. Along with James Madison, he is
considered the Father of the Bill of Rights. |
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Term
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Definition
The man who led our country through
the Civil War from 1861‐65. His goal was to preserve the Union. |
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Term
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Definition
The English judge, law professor and member of Parliament who
wrote Commentaries on the Laws of England which greatly influenced the writing of the U.S. Constitution. |
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Term
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Definition
| The man to whom Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House. |
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Term
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Definition
A Polish Jew who immigrated to the colony of New York just before the American Revolution.
He soon became a member of the Sons of Liberty and was responsible for raising money to keep the Continental army and the fight for independence going. |
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Term
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Definition
A war spurred on by the annexation of
Texas resulted in the cession by Mexico of lands now constituting all or most of the states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado. |
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Term
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Definition
The problem created when South
Carolina declared the Tariff of 1828 and 1832 null and void as well as
unconstitutional. |
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Term
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Definition
The author of Common Sense, a call to
colonists to use their common sense and
declare independence. |
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Term
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Definition
| A leading American statesman and orator; this gentleman from Kentucky was know as the Great Compromiser as a result of his work with the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850. |
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Term
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Definition
The set of laws by which the U.S. has
been governed since 1789. |
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Term
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Definition
| The slave who received permission from his master to enlist and serve under the Marquis de Lafayette. He worked as a spy in Cornwallis’ camp and was able to provide critical information that helped defeat Cornwallis. |
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