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| Motivated from the Inside |
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| Motivated from outside influences |
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| Who wrote Problem Solving and Decision Making via Problem Solving |
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| How many employees do not meeting writing requirements? |
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| Act of making up ones mind, reaching a conclusion, passing judgement. |
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| May is the most difficult function of management? |
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| Components of Good Decision Making? |
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Philosophy of Life
Education
Environment
Experiences
Situational Knowledge |
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| Random items on Decision Making |
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Unique decisions stand out
Decisions involve judgement
you have to identify the real problem |
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| Leadership and Decision Making |
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They are intertwined
Good Leaders make good decisions
Both require sound judgement |
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| Most issues can be resolved by |
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| Policy, Procedures, standard practice, rule |
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| When action steps are available manager only needs to? |
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| Implement the plan to address the situation. |
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| What gives directions and/or action steps? |
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| Protocols, Manuals, By-Laws, Handbooks. |
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| Factors that impact decision making? |
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| Cognition, Convictions, Courage, Values, Truth or Facts. |
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Gathering info, process of separating info into facts.
Rational Process |
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Strong belief reinforced by feelings
Affect tough decisions that are made |
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| Ability to make a decision even if it is not well received or appreciated |
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Affects Choices
personal, political, morals dictate behavior |
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Basic investigation of problem
"Get the facts" to make decision |
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| Opinions, Beliefs, Inclination are ingredients in decision making process |
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| Past situations may shed insight on problem resolution |
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| Decisions may necessitate change |
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Changes Occure
Good Admn. can minimize resistance
They provide ample justification |
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May be employed for complicated situations
-Employee hiring and interviewing
-Applicant Screening
-Program Planning |
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| Individuals become highly motivated |
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Definition
They feel part of the process
Sense of ownership
Brainstorming helps develop the flow of ideas and thoughts |
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| Strengths of Group Decision Making |
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| Decisions can be put to test and combines thinking |
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| Weakness of Group Decision Making |
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| Decision Making involves Risk |
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Some decisions will never be popular, but must be made regardless
-Often unpopular decisions involve personnel |
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| Decisions are rarely questioned when they are based on? |
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| Sound Judgment and Sold Information |
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| Reasons to not follow the rule when making a decision? |
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| Expedite Process and Extenuating Circumstances |
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| Delegating Decision Making |
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| Act of delegating is a decision making process |
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| Advantages of Delegating Decision Making |
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Definition
Frees up time
Helps employees upgrade skills
Creates Team atmosphere |
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| Delegating does not equate to abdicating responsibility. |
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| Admn are responsible for decision making |
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| Decision Making is earned not inherited |
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| Good Decision makers are made not born. |
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Heart and Soul of any setting
Essential to organization effectiveness and productivity |
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| It is difficult to follow if basic lines of communication are blocked. |
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| Various factors inhibit communication |
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| Communication Definition? |
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Definition
Act or instance of transmitting
Exchange of info
Meanings are exchanges thru a system |
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| Ineffective Verbal Skills |
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Poor use of "Kings English"
Problem with Subject-Verb Agreement |
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| Ineffective Written Skills |
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| Poor Grammar, Frequent Misspelling of Words |
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| Personality in Communication |
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| Ones demeanor can affect communication, EX: is a leader who talks down |
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| Excessive Studdering, Regional Dialects |
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| Inappropriate & unnecessary voice and body actions |
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| Poor Organizational Skills |
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| Uncertain course of action which may be communicated, change again and again |
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| Lack of Knowledge, Pertaining to Audience |
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| Using language beyond the level of the staff |
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| Over Utilization of Jargon |
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| Phrases, figures of speech to convey a message. Trendy terms. "Buzz Words" |
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| Basic correspondence which tends to be too long |
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| Annoying visual and/or audible gestures which distract listener |
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| Most common communication used in business? |
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Definition
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Speak in a manner that audience receives message
Ask questions and comments
Speak in tone and manner that will make message clear
Don't "talk down", use common terminology and proper English |
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| Overall goal of Oral Communication? |
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Convey message-
Does not occur if message is not received
Regardless of size of audience strive for understanding |
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| Convey a message through symbols, strings of symbols, make sentences and form paragraphs. |
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| Teleconference and Satellite |
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| Interactive Communication |
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Most used in office or organizational setting
-Name of receiver, sender, subject, date, body. |
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| Normally to send communication outside your organization. |
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| "Hired Guns" employed to perform a certain task |
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| Consultants, they are holders of specific expertise, may collect data, assess, evaluate, and make recommendations. |
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| Advantages of Contractors |
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Definition
Permits regular staff to perform assigned tasks
Provides expertise
Staff Training not necessary
They are bonded for security |
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| Why do companies outsource and contract? |
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Definition
To save money
To assure high quality |
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| Valuable asset, adds to the depth of the organization. |
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| Education, Gender, Culture, Race, Age, Prof Exp. Bring new options, ideas, approaches, creativity, reliability |
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| When marginally qualified minority applicant is hired over the most qualified dominant group applicant. |
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Legally Binding
Basic Info Required
Allows each applicant to show merits |
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Must be sent by applicant
Should be sealed in envelope
Allows you to see the merits of each person |
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Limited Value
Usually "dripping with accolades"
Candidate will only select a person who will write favorably |
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Avoid questions which address personal views regarding lifestyles
Inquire only about job related matters and skills |
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Background Checks
Drug Testing
Test or Test Scores
Resume |
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May help with new employees
Can help with staff performance |
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| Total Cost of Beijing Olympics |
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Definition
40 Billion
Estimated to cost over 44 Billion
40.9 in Investments
1.9 in Sport Facilities
2 in Olympic Operations |
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| Generally Accepted Accounting Principals |
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| documentation of individual business expenditures |
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dialy financial documents
Ledger
Sale Journal- daily sales and receipts |
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| may force company to borrow against receivables |
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funds used to purcahse small consumables
emergency purchases |
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| Gifts from prospective vendors |
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document designed to show business profitability
top line reports gross proceeds
bottom liine reports net income |
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most important financial statement
shows changes in business over period |
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| amount of money invested by owners |
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Anticipated Income
Anticipated Expenses
Cash Reserve |
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| Calendar Year and Fiscal Year Budget |
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Cal- Jan 1-Dec 31st
Fis- Can start anytime last 12 months |
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consumable items that have a short useful life.
Frequently used and replaced |
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| Usually refers to items with life span of 3-5. More expensive |
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| Similar to In-Kind Contributions |
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| Object Classification Budget- |
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traditional system
easy to comprehend
expenses are placed in uniform order
numbering system |
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| Line Item Classification Budget- |
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Most commonly used
Budget is seperated into various groups
itesms listed by name instead of number
specific dollar amounts are planned for each object |
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Definition
Peter Pyhrr in 1969.
Georgia
Each year presumed to start with no money
intended to eliminate line item and incremental issues
justification is key |
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Records cash as they occure.
Yields good picture of business |
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| Records cash when cash is recieved |
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formula applied to percieved outcomes
Education Budget on test scores and attendance |
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| Decrement-Increment Budgeting- |
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used to determine item amounts for new budget
increase,decrease based on previous years allocation |
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| Factors that determine budget- |
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| purpose, # of employees, funding, tye of business |
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| save money for future use |
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Operational Budget- dialy operation, office supplies, advertising, postage
year long budget |
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Equipment Budget- Basic tools, minimal life span, long term budget
minimal budget |
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| xpensive items (15-20 years), phyical enhancement- renovations |
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| money alloted to compensate employees. |
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