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Sport Psych (silva)
test 1
210
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
02/25/2007

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Term
Sports and Politics
Definition
What the Soviets mixed to form sport propaganda. The socialist system of government is best and related to sport. Also includes government and military.
Term
The Soviet System: Elementary Level
Definition
Physical and motoric testing in schools and took top 0.5% where they attended the Istitutes for Sport and Phsyical culture (unique opportunity with involvement w/ government, arm, sport)
Term
3 important aspects of SU involvement
Definition
government, army, sport
Term
The Soviet System: development of broad motor base and 2 important skills
Definition
Age 3-4; broad skills and exposure to every olympic discipline with 2 important skills of spots being gymnastics and martial arts
Term
Purpose of 2 main skills during broad motor base
Definition
extreme motor control and agility, body awareness, self-discipline
Term
The Soviet System: Initial selection to sport
Definition
age 8-9; anthropometic measures sport selection based on body type....then develop or reassign
Term
The Soviet System: Education
Definition
3 academic and 4 training periods; 3 languages, tutors
Term
Important aspects for training for phsycial measures
Definition
Physical, technical, tactical training---acquisition of motor skills---science in daily training---psychological training
Term
count back method?
Definition
thinking? dealing with the fact that there is more pressure at olympic trials than at olympics themselves
Term
specialists
Definition
work and stay with teams; usually don't like to change because don't want to change way of training, etc.
Term
specificity in training (hats)
Definition
soviet coach only wore coach hat; coach K's story
Term
two options out of sport
Definition
1. education: stay at training center for master/doctor then 2nd olympics
2. military: won't be front line, use functional skills to move up
Term
"Red Army" Team
Definition
80s Soviet Hockey Team because many were in army (this is the team the US college students beat) this team was ranked #1.
Term
Closed Loop System
Definition
age 28-38 with multiple Olympic wins --> coach/assistant coach
Term
Soviet power
Definition
1960s-80s
Term
Soviet Influence in Eastern Block countries
Definition
PBREH
Poland
Bulgaria
Romania
East Germany
Hungary
Term
Poland
Definition
Fencing
Term
Bulgaria
Definition
Weight lifting, Greco Roman Wrestling
Term
Romania
Definition
Gymnastics (Nadia), Free Style Wrestling, Handball
Term
Eastern Germany
Definition
"Crown jewel" of Soviet Union because had so many different sports
Term
Hungary
Definition
Ice hockey, water polo
Term
Non-European Influence by the SU
Definition
Cuba in the 60s because SU didn't want US or any democratic nation to win

worked well until nations wanted change (East Germany wanted to rejoin with the west and Czechslovakia wanted to separate)
Term
SU in Cuba
Definition
1960s; baseball, soccer, boxing, track and field

anti-US
Term
1989
Definition
Sport Psych of North America comes to USSR
Term
1991
Definition
USSR breaks up, economy worsens, infrastructure collapses,
Term
engulfed nations
Definition
Want to leave USSR, take athletes with them. Are no longer interested in sport but just want to re-build nations so athletes become just average workers, ee's, etc.
Term
CIS
Definition
Commonwealth of Independent States (15) as a revolution against USSR
- slow rebuilding for countries
- begin to see comeback in Olympics (Russia, Belarus, Lithuania, Ukraine) close to # of US medals won in 2004 Olympics
Term
First Book
Definition
- France
- Baron DeCourbertin
- 1913
- Essays in Sport Psychology
- also founder of modern Olympics
Term
Czechoslovakia
Definition
- one of 1st doctoral dissertations in 1928: psychological aspects of sport
- Charles' Unv: SP dept 12 faculty
- ice hockey, fencing, handball
- Soviet support for athletics
Term
East Germany
Definition
- 1950s: lab for SP at Research Institute for Physiological Cultulre in Leipzig (DRUG ENHANCEMENT)
- MASKING PROGRAM
Term
Yuri Hanin
Definition
From ______
fled because knew too much about drugs and research and government held family hostage when couldn't find Yuri
Term
1960s: SP in Italy, Switzerland, Norway, Sweeden
Definition
winter sports, biathlon, cross-country skiing, downhill skiing, ski jumping
- Eric & Beth Highden
Term
1980s: SP in Australia & Japan
Definition
apply information using system similar to Soviets
Term
1970s: SP in US
Definition
- research
- establish Academic Discipline
- NASPSPA, AAHPERD
- Doctoral programs, etc. exchange info.
Term
NASPSPA
Definition
1967-72????
Term
AAHPERD
Definition
American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance
Term
IL 1973
Definition
NASPSPA meets independently (w/o AAHPERD)
Term
1984 Olympics
Definition
- LA
- Soivets boycott
- US spends $ to find out whats wrong with our teams
Term
Why is US not doing well in Olympics?
Definition
- USOC: unorganized
- training facilities :(
- lagging in Sport Sci :(
- outdated training model :(
- training center in Colorado Springs :(
- poor program, bored athletes :(
Term
US is now doing well b/c?
Definition
- Home Depot funds
Term
Dr. Leroy Walker
Definition
former NC Central; brings handball center to triangle and looking for job to provide to these athletes (which should be easy b/c its the triangle)
Term
Call for services
Definition
sport sciences and psychologists, exercise physiologists, biomechanics, nutrionists, phsyicians
Term
problem with s. psychologists
Definition
handful were properly trained...no one was trained in application or how to work with an athlete, etc.
inexperienced, unqualified, not enough time (for clinical psychologists because only days until competition to figure out problem and not weeks/months)
ETHICS
Term
George Allen
Definition
coach of Redskins on Night Line talked about sport psychologist (who wasn’t even a sport psychologist) everyone hated
Term
Chargers & ethics
Definition
*Guy worked with Chargers and published articles using the athlete’s names and what was wrong with them and how he tried to fix it; he wasn’t sport psychologist
Term
Nicholas Nicoli
Definition
stopped working for Patriots and next year they won Super Bowl
Term
Dan Reaves & Giants
Definition
(coach of Giants) disputed with owner who used a family friend as sport psychologist, whom no one liked but owners wouldn’t fire him
Term
AAASP
Definition
Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology
Term
AAASP's long road to development
Definition
want to educate public
petitition NASPSPA 4 times because say yes
*1st to regulate standards for training and experience
*largest SP org in world
*1st to have ecertification
Term
APA Division 47
Definition
specific for SP
Term
ISSP
Definition
International Society of Sport Psychology 1965
Term
NASPSPA
Definition
1967
dominate in world
North American Society for Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity.
Term
AAASP
Definition
1985
Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology
18 years after development of NASPSPA
Term
Many people belong to ________ and _______
Definition
AAASP and APA Division 47
Term
IJSP
Definition
International Journal of Sport Psychology
Term
JSEP
Definition
Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
official journal of NASPSPA
Term
JASP
Definition
Journal of Applied Sport Psychology
official journal of AAASP
organization selected editor, editorial board, etc.
Term
JSEP vs JASP
Definition
JSEP (NASPSPA) tried to take over JASP (AAASP) because didn't want competition but was unable to take control so developed another journal
Term
TSP
Definition
The Sport Psychologist
formed by NASPSPA to put JASP out of business
Term
JSB
Definition
Journal of Sport Behavior
unattached to any organization
Term
So can anyone make a journal now?
Definition
No because there is a new review process that referees journals for publication
Term
Largest sport psychology organization in the world?
How many countries are represented?
What two topics are addressed?
Definition
AAASP
26 countries
Science & practice
Term
_____ came to _____ to adopt certification
Definition
USOC, AAASP
Term
Who controls registration? Certification? Licensure?
Definition
organization, organization, state
Term
_________ and _______ were on the AAASP committees that allowed people to be grandfathered.
Definition
Shane Murphy and Sean McCan
Term
What is the grandfather clause dealing with the AAASP and NGB? How is funding affected?
Definition
There is a period of time to work with the NGB and be kept even without certification or criteria met.There is a 3 YEAR window that after that must become certified.Funding will be cut if not certified after period.
Term
Are trainers certified in MLB? NHL?
Definition
No. Yes
Term
What is title? What is certification?
Definition
Title is controlled by licensure (and we don't have licensure in US or Canada) We have certification though. Certification is ???????
Term
Father of North American Sport Psychology

**WILL BE ON TEST
Definition
First documented work of any magnitude relating to psychology of sport

The Psychology of Coaching (1926)
Psychology and Athletics (1928)

Phillip Wrigley hires Griffith to be Chicago Cubs sport psychologist
Term
In the debate over title: if someone wants to be a sport psychologist he should get a _____ in ______ (_____ over ______) and a ______ _____ in ________ _____.
Definition
license in psychology (counseling over clinical)
specialization certification in sport psychology
Term
NASPSPA vs. AAASP
Definition
only research vs. science and practice??? ask silva
Term
AAASP's debate over graduate program accreditation
Definition
1990s
members/leaders of NASPSPA join AAASP
decide to accredit SCIENCE practice programs (therefore research-only programs drop down, these are the NASPSPA programs)
Term
k ball
Definition
Used for kicking and punting and was heated to soften up for better kick
Term
Personality (nature)
Definition
biology provides potentiality (probability)--won't always be used in productive way
Term
Personality (nurture)
Definition
OPPORTUNITY to cultivate ability; environmental situation will impact person/talent
example: Rebound story of Goat and MZ twins
Term
***DEFINING PERSONALITY
Definition
Combination of various genetic and social environmental factors that influence behavior in such a way that assumption about the nature of a person is made from observation of beh. over time and across situations.
Term
Attitude vs. Behavior
Definition
what you say vs. what you do
Term
Impression Management (aspect of personality)
Definition
manage impressions they want you to form and what you want someone to believe
Term
What is the first goal of Science?*********
Definition
To observe/test
Term
Trait definition
Definition
generalized expectancies
relatively enduring
not easily changed
exhibited over time
across situations
***predispose us to states
Term
_______ predisposes us to __________
Definition
traits....states
Term
Learning history
Definition
the older you are the most ____ _____ you have and the more difficult it is for personality to change
- reason its important to learn good habit at young age
Term
_____ are exhibited over time and depend on the _____ of the _____
Definition
traits...strength....trait
Term
The _____ the _____ and the _____ it is on the continuum and the less ______ to change
Definition
stronger...trait...higher.....likely
Term
The ____ the trait quality (the ______ it is) the more ______ to experience the state
Definition
higher.....stronger....likely
Term
____ is to abstract as _____ is to tangible
Definition
trait....state
Term
States are __________ in ___________
Definition
manifested in behavior
Term
States include:
Definition
Frame of Mind
Impact by traits
powerful
transitory
concrete
Term
____ or frame of mind depends on _____________________________
Definition
states; moment/recent actions
Term
states vs. affect vs. mood
Definition
cognition/frame of mind vs. cognition vs. semantic feeling
Term
Theoretical Basis of Personality
Definition
physiogomy
phrenology
theory of humors
psychoanalytic theory
Hullian drive theory
Term
Physiogomy
Definition
early theory of personality
- face shape and animal it resembles determines personality or characteristics
Term
Phrenology
Definition
early theory of personality
-palpate head to look for bumps and predict nature of personality and behavior
map of brain
Term
Theory of Humors
Definition
- Personality
- lasted 200 years
- elements of universe (air, fire, earth, water) are balance in body (homeostatic) and when emotion shows is when there is an imbalance in blood
Term
Theory of humors way to fix state
Definition
- blood letting (remove bile)
-leeching (suck out bad blood)
-skull tapping (George Washington, Old Salem)
Term
Psychoanalytic Theory pre-Freud
Definition
Mezmer (German)
Sharcov (French)
speak people into relaxed state, when relaxed they will lessen defenses (free association)
Term
first person to sit at right angle to client and use note-taking
Definition
Mezmer/Sharcov to reduce inhibition
Term
Drives are _______
Definition
preconscious; unaware but still have affect on behavior; but sorted out in dreams and usually don't remember
Term
Drive functions can also be at _____ and ____ levels
Definition
PRECONSCIOUS: not able to verbalized
CONSCIOUS: fully ware of and able to verbalized
Term
Psychoanalytic Theory (Freud)
Definition
Id, Ego, Superego
Term
ID
Definition
unconscious
life energy
primary process
please principle
unreasonable, irrational
two psychic forces (eros, thantos)
fantasy
Term
primary process
Definition
ID
uses fantasy and imagery to acquire instant gratification
Term
pleasure principle
Definition
seek pleasure and avoid pain, selfish
Term
eros
Definition
ID
life force, constructive and good
Term
thantos
Definition
ID
death force, destructive
control and dominance
negative force
Term
EGO
Definition
reality principle
reason, intelligence
secondary process
reconcile
rational
Term
secondary process
Definition
EGO
attempts to ensure survival
not right or wrong
Term
SUPEREGO
Definition
irrational
moral conscience
ego idea
Term
moral conscience
Definition
internalization of enculturation effects and conforming influence
what authority taught/told you how to behave in culture
**sport is major enculturator
Term
ego idea
Definition
moral guide of how you ideally see yourself
develops b/t 8-12, fully developed by 16
peers
CONFLICT b/t moral conscience and ego idea
Term
Defense Mechanisms
Definition
EGO
isolate ego from reality by distorting reality/ blaming other factors
used by everyone
frequent use = instabile to inable to deal effectively
Term
Subjective vs. objective
Definition
our interpretation vs. what really happened

in discussing defense mechanisms
Term
common defense mechanism list
Definition
rationalization
projection
repression
regression
displacement
Term
rationalization
Definition
mother all mech.
any reason other than real one to explain shortcoming or misgiving
Term
projection
Definition
blame short coming on otro person;
type of rationalization
Term
repression
Definition
push back into consciousnes so you forget

bill buckner?!?!
Term
regression
Definition
resort back to infantile or childlike behavior b/c dont want to be responsible to expectations
Term
displacement
Definition
potential for most harm
cant deal with primary target (reality) so take it out on safe/secondary target (spouse, child, animal)
Term
Hullian Drive Theory
Definition
Habit strength x drive
Term
habit strength
Definition
habits formed through paired associations
- do it a certain way and it works out
- habits activated by cues
- strength of H determined by amount of reinforced practice (drill work)
Term
practice makes ___________
Definition
PERMANENET not necessarily perfect
Term
Habits are formed in _____ thus making it ___ to ___
Definition
stages...difficult ....change
Term
drives
Definition
aroused condition that activates behavior
- homeostatic: hunger, thirst, pain avoidance
- learned: fear, love, affiliation, prestige
Term
No ______ = no behavior
Definition
drive or habit strength b/c multiplicative function
Term
multiplicative function
Definition
hullian drive theory
Term
Instinct & agression
Definition
two most commonly misused words in sport
Term
instinct
Definition
response that's exhibited by ALL members of the species and serves some type of PERSERVATIVE function

ex: startle response, eyeblink
Term
3 stages of habit strength
Definition
1. cognitive stage of learning
2. associative stage
3. autonomous stage
Term
cognitive stage of learning
Definition
stage 1 of habit strength
- no habitual base or series of incorrect responses
- non-dominant
- talk yourself through skill
- repetition to develop skills
- SLOW
- everyone STARTS here
- Hullian Drive Theory
- Habit Strength: many responses compete to become dominant
Term
associative stage
Definition
stage 2 of habit strength
- may/not elicit desired response
- depends on sport
- ex of various batting styles
- associate action or manner w/ positive/negative response
- 0 tolerance for variablitiy in ice skating, diving, gymnastics (because judged sports)
- dominance begins to form
separation
good and bad habits
Term
Autonomous Stage
Definition
- not instinct
- skill is well conditioned to perform at high level
- skill is now automatic (speed of light)
- thousands of hours of drills/training to know proper response
"Excellent is not an act but a habit" Aristotle
Term
Drive Theory
Definition
relationship between habit strength and rive
Term
As drive __________ it is the ______________ of the dominant response (___________)
Definition
increases......elicitation....habit
Term
If habit (________ response) is correct then you can _________ response but if incorrect, under the condition of ________, you can _________ response
Definition
dominant....handle.......pressure....not handle
Term
What response SHOULD be dominant
Definition
the correct one
Term
Drive ____ interfere with performance means that is the __________ person
Definition
that doesn't........go to
Term
If drive _________ interfere with performance then that is the _________ person
Definition
does...........not go to because its possible to have too much drive
Term
2 major Social Learning Theories
Definition
Julian Rotter (situational and generalized expectancies)
Albert Bandura (No Trial Learning)
Term
Father of social learning theory
Definition
Julian Rotter
Term
Rotters STL exploded _____ and ______ of research
Definition
psychological and controls
Term
Bandura's Vicarious learning or aka
Definition
No Trial Learning
Term
Vicarious or NTL
Definition
expectancy theory
Term
basic assumptions of SLT
Definition
- human behaviors are LEARNED in SOCIAL situations
- people are NOT driven by INNER forces or MOLDED helplessly by the environment
Term
SLT
Definition
- 3 regulatory systems'
stimulus anticipation and control
response feedback influences (and Thorndike's Law of Effect)
cognitive processes
Term
Stimulus anticipation and control in SLT
Definition
1st regulatory system
figure out stuff before it happens...can't just react b/c you'll be too late
Term
Response Feedback Influences in SLT

aka: _____ law of ________
Definition
2nd regulatory system in SLT

feedback influence behavior

Thorndike's ______ of Effect
Term
Law of Effect
Definition
Thorndike; used in response feedback in SLT

positive,negative reinforcement and punishment
Term
positive reinforcement
Definition
law of effect

ANY stimulus that INCREASES PROBABILITY of reproducing behavior
Term
negative reinforcement
Definition
law of effect in response feedback of SLT

INCREASES likelihood of DESIRED behavior
1st - exhibit behavior you dont like
2nd - put punishment in place that STAYS until behavior changes
Term
example of negative reinforcement
Definition
gpa requirements in sports...if dip below then cant play until next semester
Term
punishment
Definition
slt
ANY stimulus that DECREASES the POSSIBILITY of you repeating a behvior
Term
Cognitive Process

____choice and _______ _____
Definition
3rd regulatory system in STL (

(Free choice and individual decisions)

mediation and use of brain; for this reason we don't understand why people do certain things
Term
Rotters SLT
Definition
situational and generational expectancies
Term
Rotters SLT
Definition
situational and generational expectancies
Term
situational expectancy
Definition
"foresight"
what behavior is appropriate in a given situation

good foul, bad foul at end of game
Term
generalized expectancy
Definition
rotters SLT

what you generally expect to happen
develop over TIME
REFLECT your learning history
Term
Generalized Expectancy Example
Definition
88% free throw shooter will make all shots at end of game, even under pressure
Term
Reinforcement and Punishment Value
Definition
Thorndike's Law of Effect
Used by Rotter in SLT
key to lose whats most important
*not all rewards or punishments are equal*
ex: taking document for $5, $10, $15
Term
Are all rewards and punishments equal?
Definition
*not all rewards or punishments are equal*
ex: taking document for $5, $10, $15
Term
Are all rewards and punishments unequal?
Definition
*not all rewards or punishments are equal*
ex: taking document for $5, $10, $15
Term
Vicarious Learning (NLT)
Definition
ACQUISITION of new behavior as a function of OBSERVING behavior of others and the reinforcement of punishment received
Term
Is a response required during the acquisition of a behavior in NLT?

Is the observer directly reinforced?
Definition
No....no
Term
acquisition vs. performance
Definition
Performance must have ALL 3:
attentive (observation)
recall proper (remember sequence of movements)
ability (recall and exhibit act)
Term
example of Vicarious Learning
Definition
acquistion vs. performace

kids fighting in ice hockey
Term
Ericson's ______ Theory
Definition
Personality
Term
Ericson
Definition
Personality theory based on belief that our personality develops through conflict resolution

--3 main stages
Term
Appreciation of Self
Definition
1. Industry vs. Inferiority
2. Identity vs. Role Confusion
3. Self Respect vs. Guilt and Resentment
4. Courage vs. Anxiety
Term
Industry vs. Inferiority
Definition
Appreciation of Self

- psychological strengths; inventory of self
Term
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Definition
Appreciation of Self
Term
Self Respect vs. Guilt and Resentment
Definition
Appreciation of Self

- lose self respect
- strong appreciation of self to help you take "big hit" from coach
Term
Courage vs. Anxiety
Definition
Appreciation of Self

- play even in adverse situations
- how conditions affect players
- unconditional acceptance of self
Term
Subjugation of Self
Definition
2nd stage of Ericson's Personality Theory

- Commitment vs. Alienation
- Perseverance vs. Sorrow
- Loyalty vs. Deception
- Sharing vs. Selfishness
Term
Ethan Horton
Definition
example of Subjugation of Self because he changed his football position multiple times based on what coaches wanted and he still excelled
Term
Commitment vs. Alienation
Definition
subjugation of self
Term
perseverance vs. sorrow
Definition
Appreciation of self
Term
Loyalty vs. Deception
Definition
Subjugation of Self
Term
Sharing vs. Selfishness
Definition
Subjugation of Self
Term
Tolerance of self and others
Definition
third stage of ericson's personality theory

- flexibility vs. rigidity
- control vs. controlled
Term
Flexibility vs. Rigidity
Definition
Tolerance of Self and Others

- Psychologically speaking
- tend to focus on differences; flexible of variabilities
Term
Control vs. Controlled
Definition
Tolerance of Self and Others

- tolerant if understand that you can't control everything
Term
traits predispose us to
Definition
states
Term
gravitational model
Definition
personality draw/attracts you to particular sport

not true when young because its parents who cause children to go different ways

when older....lifestyle impacts sort (businessman --> golf)
Term
homogeneous vs. heterogeneous
Definition
personality initially draws you so all personalities are homogeneous but later in life are hetereogenous
Term
personalities are modified via sport participation
Definition
at higher level there is more pressure to conform and if you dont you'll be kicked out

exceptions: Denis Rodman and TO
Term
Types of Personality Comparison
Definition
1. athlete vs. nonathlete
2. indididual vs. team sports
3. intra-sport
4. male vs. female
5. competitive level
Term
athlete vs. nonathlete
Definition
more similarities than differences
Term
intra sport
Definition
different positions have different levels of pressure (example-pitcher has hand on every ball and play)
Term
male vs. female
Definition
women are more sensitive so maybe coach has to change halftime approach
Term
competitive level
Definition
- novice
- intermediate
- professional
- olympic athlete
Term
Personality--Performance Pyramid
Definition
Bottom to Top
6. recreation: entrance
5. scholastic
4. collegiate
3. national
2. olympic
1. elite
Term
recreation
Definition
personality does NOT predict performance
Term
scholastic
Definition
physiology predicts performance
Term
collegiate
Definition
psychology becomes key
Term
national
Definition
psychology/mentality kicks in
Term
Move up pyramid
Definition
develop core characteristics
Term
Move down pyramid
Definition
personality heterogeneity
Term
core characteristic
Definition
adaptive qualitity shows psychological adaptation
Term
2 trends in people with less adaptive personality
Definition
1. dont enjoy competition
2. dont last long
Term
Psychological Factors that are predictive of elite performance (most important to least important)
Definition
1. precompetitive affect
2. Emotional Control
3. Emotional Stability
4. Self Discipline
5. Low Trait Anxiety
6. High Organizational Ability
Term
Psychological Factors that are predictive of elite performance (from least important to most important)
Definition
6. High Organizational Ability
5. Low Trait Anxiety
4. Self Discipline
3. Emotional Stability
2. Emotional control
1. Precompetitive Affect
Term
affect
Definition
frame of mind right now at THIS moment
Term
precompetitive period
Definition
24 hr or less before competition
Term
positive precompetitive affect
Definition
physically and mentally prepare your self

as one gets closer he/she is either
1. ready for competition
2. recedes/pulls away

ICEBERG EFFECT
Term
Iceberg Effect (Morgan)
Definition
POMS: Profile of Mood States

-Low tension
-low depression
-low anger
-high vigor
-low psychological fatigue
-low confusion
Term
vigor
Definition
one's willingness
Term
emotional control
Definition
how you respond to adversity
critical response time: how quickly it takes to get back to where you were before
Term
emotional stability
Definition
-emotions post event
-respond to success/failure
-80s hockey team
-emotional roller coaster
Term
self discipline
Definition
give up immediate reward for something that will be better in future
-work habits: go to job every day
-work rate: what you do
-tough mindedness
-self-reliant
-can you perform correctly under pressure?
Term
Low Trait Anxiety
Definition
low --challenge
high---threat
Term
high organizational ability
Definition
time management and prioritizing
finishers
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