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Details Title: Special Senses Description: Special Senses Total Flash Cards: 75 Created: 04/08/2005 08:34:04	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term general senses of touch (3) Definition "temperature, pressure, pain" Term special senses (5) Definition "smell, taste, sight, hearing, equilibrium" Term receptors for equilibrium housed in the… Definition ear Term 70 percent of all sensory receptors are in the… Definition eye Term protection for eye (2) Definition (1) most of eye is enclosed in bony orbit; (2) cushion of fat surrounds most of the eye Term external and accessory structures of the eye (6) Definition "eyelids, eyelashes, meibomian glands, ciliary glands, conjuctiva, lacrimal apparatus" Term meibomian glands Definition produce oily secretion to lubricate eye (modified sebacious glands) Term ciliary glands Definition modified sweat glands between eyelashes Term conjuctiva (3) Definition membrane that lines eyelides; connects to surface of eye; secretes mucus to lubricate eye Term lacrimal aparatus consists of… (4) Definition "lacrimal gland; lacrimal canals, lacrimal sac; nasolacrimal duct" Term lacrimal gland Definition "produce/release lacrimal fluid, a dilute salt solution or tears (located above lateral end of each eye)" Term lacrimal canals Definition drains lacrimal fluid from eyes Term lacrimal sac Definition provides passage of lacrimal fluid from lacrimal canals towards nasal cavity Term nasolacrimal duct Definition "lacrimal fluid flushed into here from lacrimal sac, then empties into nasal cavity" Term lacrimal fluid Definition dilute salt solution that contains antibodies and lysozyme Term lacrimal appartus functions (2) Definition "(1) protects, mostens, lubricates eye; (2) empties into nasal cavity" Term lateral rectus Definition moves eye laterally Term medial rectus Definition moves eye medially Term superior rectus Definition elevates eye Term inferior rectus Definition depresses eye Term inferior oblique Definition elevates eye and turns it laterally Term superior oblique Definition depresses eye (looks down) and turns it laterally Term wall of eye composed of 3 tunics Definition fibrous tunic--sclera/white of eye and cornea which is transparent (outside layer); chorioid--blood rich (middle layer); sensory tunic or retina (inside layer Term "anteriorly, choriod is modified to form 2 smooth muscle structures" Definition clilary body (to which lens is attached) and iris Term retina has 2 types of receptors Definition rods and cones (called photoreceptors because respond to light) Term rods Definition on periphery--to see black/white and dark vision; most found towards edges of retina Term cones Definition gives color; densest in center of retina Term fovea centralis Definition lateral to each blond spot in eye--contains only cones Term rods and cones distributed over entire retina EXCEPT… Definition where optic nerve leaves eyeball at the obtic disc or blind spot Term how many types of cones? Why? Definition 3--different cones are sensitive to different wavelengths (color blindess is result of lack of one cone type) Term lens Definition "biconvex, crystal-like structure" Term lens held in place by Definition a suspensory ligament attached to ciliary body Term aqueous humor Definition water fluid found in chamber between lens and cornea; similar to blood plasma Term functions of aqueous humor (2) Definition helps maintain introcular pressure; provides nutrients for lens and cornea Term aqueous humor reabsorbed into venous blood through… Definition canal of Schlemm (located at juinction of sclera and cornea) Term accommodation Definition ability of eye to focus specifically for close objects (less than 20 feet away) Term optic chiasma Definition where nerve fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to opposite side Term optic tracts Definition fiber tracts that result from cross over at optic chiasma Term visual pathway (3) Definition (1) optic tracts…(2) thalamus…(3) visula cortex of occipital lobe Term convergence Definition reflexive movement of eyes medially when viewing close objects Term photopupillary reflex Definition pupils constrict in bright light Term accomodation pupillary reflex Definition pupils constrict when viewing close objects Term ear houses 2 senses Definition hearing and equilibrium (balance) Term mechanoreceptors Definition receptors that respond to physical forces in ear Term ear divided into 3 areas Definition outer ear (pinna and external auditory canal); middle ear (tympanic cavity); inner ear (osseous or bony labyrinth) Term ceruminous glands Definition secrete earwax or cerumen Term tympanic membrane Definition eardrum (at end of external auditory canal) Term tympanic cavity Definition air-rilled cavity in temporal bone; only involved in sense of hearing Term 2 tupes associated with tympanic cavity Definition opening from auditory canal (oval window) is covered by tympanic membrane; auditory tube connecting middle ear with throat Term bones of tympanic cavity (3) Definition malleus (hammer); incus (anvil); stapes (stirrup) Term inner ear or bony labyrinth filled with Definition perilymph (plasmalike fluid) Term inner ear consists of (3) Definition "cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals" Term organ of Corti Definition inside cochlea; contains hearing receptors or hair cells Term basilar membrane Definition hair cells of organ of Corti positioned on this Term tectorial membrane Definition lies over hair cells of organ of Corti Term vestibular apparatus Definition equilibrium receptors of inner ear Term equilibrium receptor cells in 2 structures Definition vestibule and semicircular canals Term static equilibrium Definition equilibrium at rest Term maculae Definition equilibrium receptors in vestibule (report on position of head and send info via vestibular nerve) Term ltolithic membrane Definition "each macula is a patch of receptor cells with their ""hairs"" embedded in the otolithic membrane (gel material containing tiny calcium stones)" Term dynamic equilibrium Definition equilibrium when moving head (receptors found in semicircular canals) Term crista ampullaris Definition receptors in semicircular canals--consist of tuft of hair cells covered with gelatinous cap (cupula) Term chemical senses Definition taste and smell (both use chemoreceptors) Term taste has how many types of receptors? Definition four (4) Term olfactory receptors location Definition roof of nasal cavity Term olfactory impulses transmitted via which nerve? Definition olfactory nerve--CN1 Term interpretation of smells made in… Definition the cortex Term "when olfactory receptor cells stimulated by chemicals dissolved in mucus, they transmit umpulses along the…" Definition olfactory filaments (which make up the olfactory nerve--CN1) Term papillae Definition projections that cover the tongue Term filiform papillae Definition sharp with no taste buds Term fungiform papillae Definition rounded with taste buds Term circumvallate papillae Definition large papillae (on back of tongue) with taste buds Term gustatory cells Definition receptors of taste buds; have hairs (long microvilli) which are stimulated by chemicals dissolved in saliva Term 3 cranial nerves carry taste impulses from various tast buds to gustatory cortex Definition "facial nerve covers anterior part of tongue (CN7), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9); vagus nerve (CN10)" Term 4 basic taste sensations (receptors) Definition "sweet, sour (acids), bitter (alkaloids) salty (metal ions)"